Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a prohormone secreted by the adrenal gland that is converted to the active androgen and estrogen hormones in the human body. Currently there is little known about the function of this prohormone; however, preliminary studies have identified potential in disease treatment and prevention. Levels of DHEA peak around 30 years of age and decrease throughout the aging process. Since dietary supplements are not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration, safety of DHEA supplements are unknown. Chronic use can negatively alter hormone levels. In women, DHEA can cause increased acne, hair growth, and voice deepening. Men may experience increased estrogen levels. Long-term, human clinical studies are needed to confirm benefits of DHEA supplements; however, DHEA has shown potential for the following health conditions.
Improved Cognitive Health
Due to its effect on age-related diseases, DHEA is sometimes called the "anti-aging hormone." As we age, cognitive function can decline. DHEA supplementation may improve mood and/or memory loss associated with the aging process. Long-term supplementation may also help alleviate depression by decreasing cortisol levels commonly high in depressed individuals.
Enhanced Immunity
While DHEA is declining with age, interleukin cells that represent inflammation naturally increase. Supplementing with DHEA may improve the immune response by stimulating the immune system to be more active and reduce the number of interleukin cells in the body.
Improve Heart Health
DHEA supplements may inhibit plaque formation, reduce hardening of arteries and improve total cholesterol levels. Unfortunately, DHEA may also decrease HDL "good" cholesterol levels. Individuals should consult with a physician for a laboratory evaluation prior to supplementation.
Prevent Cancer
DHEA may help fight cancer by reducing tumor formation and increasing lymphocyte activity. Lymphocytes are designed to fight and destroy viruses and other abnormal cells. In the February 19, 2004 issue of the "Journal of Cellular Biochemistry," Arthur Schwartz, Ph.D. and Laura Pashko Ph.D. evaluated DHEA's effectiveness in cancer treatment and prevention. Their animal model indicated that DHEA may have an antioxidant-like power that inhibits tumor formation; however, further studies are needed in human trials. While DHEA may assist in cancer prevention, individuals at risk for hormone-stimulated cancers such as breast and endometrial should not consume DHEA supplements.
Reduces Lupus Symptoms
Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects connective tissue and causes a large amount of inflammation and pain. DHEA supplements have shown reduction in disease activity, enhanced mental function, and increased bone mass when used as an adjunct treatment. Supplementation has shown a reduction in the need for daily corticosteroid use for symptom control. Prestara (prasterone) is a synthetically made form of DHEA that is currently under investigation for the treatment of lupus and associated bone loss.
Weight Loss
DHEA has been effectively used for modest weight and fat reduction. DHEA supplements may play a role in preventing and treating metabolic syndrome associated with excess abdominal fat. A National Institute of Health study evaluated 50 mg of DHEA daily for six months on abdominal fat in both men and women. After the six months, men lost 7 percent of abdominal fat while women lost 10 percent.
References
- "Popular Dietary Supplements"; Allison Fragakis, M.S., R.D. and Cynthia Thomson Ph.D., RD; 2007
- Villareal D.T., Holloszy J.O.; Effect of DHEA on abdominal fat and insulin action in elderly women and men: a randomized controlled trial; JAMA: 292.18 (2004); 2243-2248.
- U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health: Medline Plus: DHEA
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