Cytomel, or liothyronine sodium, is used to treat hypothyroidism, coma and goiter, and as a thyroid replacement hormone in both adults and children. The most serious and life-threatening side effects of Cytomel occur in the cardiovascular system. Patients with a cardiac history carry an increased risk of developing these symptoms and should be monitored closely by a physician. Family members should also be informed of possible life-threatening side effects for acute and sudden cardiac symptoms in the patient.
Cardiovascular Side Effects
The PDR Nurse's Drug Handbook states that serious complications of arrhythmias (irregular heart rhythms) and cardiac decompensation and collapse (the heart cannot adequately perfuse the body) may occur with Cytomel. A person experiencing sharp, sudden and sustained pain, or feeling his heart beating irregularly should seek immediate medical attention. Other cardiac side effects may include angina and a fast heart beat (tachycardia). Patients with a history of myocardial infarction (heart attack) should not take Cytomel.
Central Nervous System Side Effects
Nervousness, insomnia, tremors and headache are the most common nervous system side effects. Patients should report these occurrences to their doctors if the side effects become severe or unmanageable. Patients should not attempt to regulate these side effects with over-the-counter medications.
Gastrointestinal Side Effects
Diarrhea and vomiting have been reported by patients on Cytomel. If a patient experiences these side effects for more than 24 hours, she should contact her health care provider, as serious electrolyte imbalances may occur.
Liver Side Effects
Elderly patients with liver disease should be advised that further liver complications and decline in functioning are possible when taking Cytomel. Patients should have liver function tests performed regularly. Any flu-like symptoms, such as fatigue, general malaise, fever or yellowing of the skin, may indicate liver compromise.
Musculoskeletal Side Effects
Cytomel has been shown to cause accelerated bone maturation in children.
Metabolic Side Effects
Patients have reported heat intolerance, facial flushing and weight loss while taking Cytomel.
Integumentary Side Effects
Rash (as an allergic response) and excessive sweating have been noted side effects in Cytomel patients.
Women's Side Effects
Cytomel has been shown to cause very specific side effects in women, with menstrual irregularities being the most common. Cytomel has also facilitated bone loss in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Basal bone density measurements should be taken on a regular basis to determine the progressive effects on bone mass.
References
- "PDR Nurse's Drug Handbook 2010;" Thomson Reuters and Alexander Ivy; 2009
- "Mosby's 2010 Nursing Drug Reference;" Linda Skidmore-Roth; 2009
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