Cholesterol is a type of fat found in the bloodstream. The body creates and uses it to function properly. It is also found in certain foods. High cholesterol levels leads to plaque buildup in the arteries, making cholesterol a contributing factor to heart disease. There are several types of cholesterol, but the main two are high-density lipoprotein (HDL or "good" cholesterol) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL or "bad" cholesterol). It is important to monitor cholesterol levels and lead a healthy lifestyle to prevent hypercholesterolemia.
Testing for Cholesterol
A simple blood test is taken to determine cholesterol levels. Doctors may recommend a fasting period prior to the sample being drawn. LDL levels are sensitive to food consumption. Test results depict cholesterol levels in milligrams per deciliter. A doctor will assess total cholesterol, LDL and HDL along with other risk factors such as age and lifestyle to determine a person's level of risk for cardiovascular complications.
Total Blood Cholesterol
The National Cholesterol Education Program recommends that total cholesterol be less than 200 mg/dL. Total cholesterol between 200 and 239mg/dL is considered to be borderline high. Levels of 240 or greater are considered to be high risk. Regardless of total cholesterol level, it is important to eat a heart-healthy diet, live an active lifestyle and avoid smoking.
Low-Density Lipoprotein
LDL cholesterol makes up the majority of cholesterol in the body. It travels through the blood and builds up, forming plaque in the arteries leading to the heart and brain. The American Heart Association states that plaque buildup can lead to atherosclerosis and increased risk for clots, which could result in a heart attack or stroke. Ideal levels are less than 100mg/dL. LDL is considered to be borderline high between 130 to 159mg/dL, high between 160 to 189 mg/dL and very high at 190mg/dL or greater.
High-Density Lipoprotein
HDL cholesterol is also known as good cholesterol. HDL helps to move cholesterol from the arteries to the liver where it is processed and passes through the body. According to the American Heart Association, high levels of HDL cholesterol are thought to be protective against heart disease. Optimal levels of HDL are 60mg/dL or higher. Low levels are less than 40mg/dL in men and less than 50mg/dL in women.
Triglycerides
In addition to cholesterol, it is important to monitor triglyceride levels. Triglycerides are a type of fat in the blood. According to the Mayo Clinic, high triglyceride levels are a risk factor for heart disease. Testing is included in the lipid panel that tests for cholesterol. Normal triglycerides are less than 150 mg/dL. Levels between 150 and 199 mg/dL are borderline high. A person is considered to have high triglycerides if levels range from 200 to 499 mg/dL. Very high triglycerides are categorized as levels 500 mg/dL or greater.
