Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder that is marked by frequent eating binges followed by episodes of purging. Purging may be done by self-induced vomiting or through the use of laxatives. The purging episodes are done to prevent weight gain. MedlinePlus notes that many people who suffer from bulimia also have anorexia nervosa, though the two conditions do not always coincide.
Symptoms
As the National Institute of Mental Health explains, the symptoms of bulimia typically are a result from purging. This can include problems with electrolytes, tooth and oral decay and damage, and gastrointestinal issues. Patients may also have a chronically sore and inflamed throat, as well as swollen glands in the neck.
Complications
If untreated, bulimia can lead to a number of health problems. Patients can develop severe electrolyte imbalances as a result of the purging. Chronic laxative use can also lead to kidney damage and renal failure, which may result in dialysis being needed. Patients with bulimia can also become dehydrated from fluid loss.
Diagnosis
Bulimia can be difficult to diagnose because, as MedlinePlus explains, patients often have a normal body weight (although they may be afraid of becoming overweight). Patients may be diagnosed by having many cavities and gum disease as a result of frequent vomiting. Patients may also have erosion of the enamel in their teeth due to acid exposure. In some cases, blood tests may detect electrolyte imbalances caused by purging.
Causes
Although both sexes can develop bulimia, the disorder is more common in females (adolescent females are the most likely to develop this eating disorder). Many patients have extreme feelings of anxiety or guilt, particularly over their physical appearance. Many factors, including genetics and family environment as well as psychological, social and cultural factors, can all contribute to bulimia.
Treatment
MedlinePlus notes that treatment for bulimia typically involves support groups, cognitive-behavioral therapy, medications and nutritional therapy. Support groups are the least expensive and are typically used for mild cases. Cognitive-behavioral and nutritional therapies are used to help change the thoughts and behaviors that lead to bulimia. Medications can be used to treat underlying psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, that also contribute to the disease's development.
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