Shampoos are designed to remove buildup and gunk from the hair, but they do so indiscriminately, taking the natural oils that protect the shaft along with the dirt and grime. For those with dry hair, this can make a bad situation worse. Read the labels carefully when choosing a shampoo for dry hair. Some ingredients can minimize the damage while others should be avoided completely.
Avoid Sulfates
Sulfates are mineral salts that contain sulfur, and their main purpose is to create the lathering foam consumers have come to expect from their shampoo. Sodium lauryl sulfate is a common ingredient in most regular shampoos. In 1983, "The Journal of the American College of Toxicology" reported that sodium lauryl sulfate can have a damaging effect on cells because it breaks down protein, which is a major building block of hair. Fortunately, low- or no-sulfate shampoos are becoming widely available and can be found in drug stores and discount stores. They often are clearly labeled on the front of the bottle, making them easy to spot.
Look for Low pH
The pH level of shampoo indicates how acidic it is, with a lower pH meaning it is more acidic. Look for one that has high acidity (a low pH). High pH shampoos leave cuticles open, allowing the moisture in hair to escape. Acidifiers close the cuticle and trap moisture in, according to SalonWeb.com. Some shampoos list the pH value on their label, but many do not. Shampoos with the words "moisturizing" or "hydrating" generally have low pH levels. You can also test your shampoo with litmus paper, which can often be found in pharmacies. Dip the paper in your shampoo, wait a few moments, then compare the color to the chart to determine pH level. SalonWeb.com recommends a level of 2.5 to 3.5.
Choose a Protein-Rich Formula
Shampoos with added proteins, generally in the form of corn, rice or silk proteins, can restore softness and shine to dry, damaged hair. The proteins do not penetrate the shaft, but they provide a protective barrier and help strengthen hair against breakage. Several protein-rich shampoos are available and have easily identifiable labels.
Indulge in Fatty Acids
Fatty acids, including omega-3 and omega-6, are a vital part in the building of new cells. The acids penetrate the hair follicle, strengthening and repairing from the inside out. The most widely available shampoo rich in fatty acids is emu oil shampoo. However, because the oil is derived from emus, it is not suitable for those avoiding animal products. Plant-based alternatives such as flax seed or sea buckthorn oil can be found in health-food and holistic stores.
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