Potassium is an essential mineral, important for proper function of the heart, nerves and muscles. Too much potassium in the body, however, has certain risks. Doctors generally do not recommend taking potassium supplements without medical supervision. Additionally, some drugs, such as potassium-sparing diuretics prescribed for high blood pressure, can cause people to retain too much potassium. Health conditions such as kidney disease also can be associated with high potassium.
Gastrointestinal Effects
The most frequent side effects associated with potassium supplements include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal discomfort, according to the Linus Pauling Institute (LPI) at Oregon State University. Some people taking enteric-coated potassium chloride supplements have developed intestinal ulceration. Taking potassium supplements with meals or taking a form of potassium without an enteric coating may reduce these risks.
Early Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia is the biggest risk associated with high potassium levels, as noted by the University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC). This condition occurs when potassium amounts exceed the ability of the kidneys to eliminate the excess. Early hyperkalemia may have no symptoms and be detected by a blood test. If symptoms do occur, they may include tingling of the hands and feet, muscle weakness, fatigue, difficulty breathing and temporary paralysis. Even mild cases should be treated promptly to prevent them from progressing to more serious symptoms.
Cardiac Events
If left untreated, hyperkalemia can lead to cardiac arrhythmia, or an abnormal heart rhythm, according to the LPI. This can result in a life-threatening heart attack or cardiac arrest.
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