Low blood sugar, also called hypoglycemia, happens when your blood sugar, or glucose, levels drop below the normal levels. Glucose is converted from food into energy for the body. Hypoglycemia can happen suddenly, according to the National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse. But the effects are usually mild and can be corrected quickly with carbohydrate-rich food, a source of glucose. Hypoglycemia is often a concern for diabetics, but people without diabetes can also have low blood sugar.
Common Symptoms
Hunger is often a symptom of hypoglycemia. There may also be shakiness, nervousness and weakness. People might feel dizzy or lightheaded. There can be confusion and difficulty speaking. Anxiety is often a symptom because of the physical weakness. Heart palpitations or a pounding of the heart may occur. There may be fatigue, a general discomfort, uneasiness or feelings of illness. Irritability may even develop into aggression.
Serious Symptoms
Double vision or blurry vision is a symptom, according to the National Institutes of Health. There can be decreased alertness, memory loss and, sometimes, hallucinations. There may be different-sized pupils. Muscle pain and paleness are other symptoms.
Sleep Symptoms
Night sweats may occur, and people with low blood sugar may wake up to notice damp sheets or pajamas. People who are hypoglycemic may cry out during sleep or have nightmares. There may be a feeling of being tired, irritable or confused after waking up.
Untreated Symptoms
The condition can get worse if left untreated. There may be clumsiness or fainting spells. There may be abnormal behavior or an inability to do daily routines, the Mayo Clinic states. In severe cases, low blood sugar can lead to seizures, comas and death, but these symptoms are uncommon.
Underlying Disorders
Symptoms may not necessarily be because of hypoglycemia, the Mayo Clinic notes. There may be underlying causes. The best way to determine if it is low blood sugar is to have blood sugar levels tested at the time of the signs or symptoms.
Treatment
Diabetics may be taking medication that lowers their blood sugar. They can have sugar snacks or drinks to raise their levels when symptoms initially arise. Diabetics and nondiabetics can change their diets to get more amounts of glucose into their bodies. Doctors may advise eating small meals or having snacks every three hours. Eating six meals instead of three meals a day may also be suggested. Exercise is recommended. People with severe hypoglycemia can be given glucose injections.
