Birthmarks and moles, sometimes called "stork marks" and "angel kisses," are created from skin cells (melanocytes) that produce pigmented skin and also by patterns and irregularities in blood vessels. While scientists speculate that the pattern of development for a mole is genetically defined, the exact cause of most birthmarks remains unknown.
Moles
Moles develop beginning in childhood, when they are known as "congenital nevi." The Cleveland Clinic reports that most moles are formed on the body before the age of 20. Nevertheless, while mole development does slow during adulthood, some people continue to develop new moles throughout their lives. Light skin develops moles more frequently when exposed to UV rays. Merck Manuals states that moles are a normal part of skin development.
Birthmarks
Newborn babies frequently have birthmarks which, according to Nemours' KidsHealth, disappear by age 1 or 2. Some marks on the body at birth remain, however, and light birthmarks may darken and grow in size. The causes of certain birthmarks are unknown, but some are created by blood vessels and by the same skin growth process that creates moles. Vascular birthmarks, including port-wine and macular stains and hemangiomas, are defined by the shape and color of the marks, as are pigmented birthmark including the spots labeled as Mongolian and cafe-au-lait . One in 10 children has a vascular-type birthmark, according to the Vascular Birthmarks Foundation.
Mole Issues
Common types of moles also have the possibility of morphing into less common, and more dangerous, skin cancer. Mole growth is gradual, and is created by clustered skin cell growth. While most moles are harmless, a dermatologist should examine any change in their shape, color or size. The American Cancer Society recommends that you should seek immediate care for moles that itch, bleed, scale with hard skin or are painful.
Birthmark Issues
Birthmarks can be problematical, depending on their location. A type of vascular birthmark, the hemangioma, may require surgery when it recedes later in life (usually between 5 and 9 years), leaving a depressed area of skin. The same marks may also require surgery immediately after birth if they are located in a place that impedes feeding, interferes with sight or blocks the nostrils.
Removal and Treatment
Moles may develop into cancerous melanomas. Studies reviewed by the American Cancer Society document that moles with irregular shapes or borders, as well as larger size, are more likely to develop into "dysplastic nevi" (atypical moles). These should be closely examined throughout life. No scientific links have been found between birthmarks and skin cancer. Removal of this type of mole is typically done with a scalpel.
Raised moles and birthmarks can create problems with rubbing when wearing certain types of clothing, and it may be necessary to remove them. Minor plastic surgery or lasers are used to remove these growths. Larger hemangiomas that are still present by age 9 are frequently treated with steroids, according to KidsHealth.
