The central nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord. Sometimes, an infection can infiltrate the brain and wreak havoc on the entire body. In some cases, chemicals in the brain can change and lead to movement problems. Also, tissues can actually irritate the spinal cord and lead to further problems. Fortunately, the disorders of the central nervous system have specific treatment options.
Meningitis
Meningitis refers to a type of infection that is associated with such symptoms as a severe and sudden headache, light sensitivity (photophobia), vomiting and a stiff neck. Meningitis can also lead to tiny red spots on the skin, an ill feeling, purple areas of the skin (that look like bruises) and a high fever.
The bacteria Neisseria meningitidis is to blame for causing meningitis. In fact, MedlinePlus says that this is the most common cause for bacterial meningitis in children and the second most common cause of meningitis in adults.
Treating meningitis involves receiving intravenous (through the vein) antibiotics and, if necessary, steroids to manage this condition.
Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's disease refers to a neurological disorder that affects the brain. Specific symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease include a pill-rolling tremor (repetitive rubbing of the forefinger and thumb), slowed movements (bradykinesia), stiff muscles and a stooped posture. Parkinson's disease can also lead to unsteadiness, blinking, smiling and swinging of the arms, and a soft, rapid or slurring speech. As the disease progresses, dementia can result.
Parkinson's disease is due to a lack of dopamine, a type of chemical made in the brain.
Treating Parkinson's disease involves taking such medications as levodopa, ropinirole, pergolide or rasagiline. Medications such as tolcapone or amantadine can be taken to manage Parkinson's disease. Physical therapy may be needed to maintain range of motion, or surgery may be needed to place deep brain stimulators into the brain. This involves stimulating the brain with electricity to relieve the tremors of Parkinson's disease.
Lumbar Disc Disease
The University of Virginia Health System says that lumbar disc disease refers to a condition in which the disc in between the back bones becomes dried, compressed or it deteriorates. Sometimes, part of the disc can stick out and actually irritate the spinal cord and lead to such symptoms as back pain, back spasms, muscle weakness in the legs, changes in bladder or bowel function, pain that goes from the buttocks down the leg (sciatica) and decreased reflexes in the foot or leg.
Lumbar disc disease typically occurs with age and can also occur as a result of trauma.
Treating lumbar disc disease involves bed rest, physical therapy, maintaining a healthy weight and taking medications to relax muscles and control weight. Sometimes, surgery may be needed to repair the lumbar disc disease.
