Bipolar disorder, sometimes called manic-depressive illness, is a unique mental illness in which patients go through extreme mood swings. People with this condition may be consumed by sadness and deep depression for a period. But then mood can shift in the opposite direction, and patients are energetic and constantly on the move, but often with unrealistic expectations.
Psychotherapy
Cognitive therapy helps to change the negative thought patterns and behaviors of a person with bipolar disorder. Patients learn to focus on positive thinking to steer away from negative thoughts. This helps change a person's patterns whenever negative thinking arises. Family therapy may also be used and includes family members of the patient. The family is able to learn coping strategies and deal with episodes of the disorder and help their loved one. Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy helps patients improve their relationships with other people, the National Institute of Mental Health explains. Patients also learn to improve their daily routines to help prevent manic episodes.
Education
Bipolar disorder patients are taught about the illness itself and its treatment in what is called psychoeducation. By learning about what is behind the disorder, they are able to recognize signs of episodes that might occur during a relapse. This helps them seek treatment before the disorder gets worse. The education technique is often done in a group setting, with family members and caregivers included.
Medication
A number of medications can be used to treat bipolar disorder. Sometimes the patient will change medications over time or when episodes change. Mood stabilizers help prevent the extreme highs and lows of bipolar disorder, the Mayo Clinic says. Anticonvulsants are also mood stabilizers that can help a patient who has mixed episodes of manic and depressive symptoms. Antidepressants are used for depressive episodes and can be used along with mood stabilizers during the manic phase. Antipsychotics are used for people who do not benefit from other medication. Anti-anxiety drugs help when anxiety and insomnia are a problem.
Hospitalization
Treatment in a hospital is a safe way for many people with bipolar disorder to deal with certain episodes. They are able to calm down with professional help at their side. Inpatient and outpatient hospitalization is available.
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Electroconvulsive therapy may be a last resort for people who have had no success with other treatments. It is also used for people with severe depression or suicidal thoughts. Electrical currents are passed through the brain, the Mayo Clinic explains. The shocks to the brain chemistry may improve moods.
