Many women are nervous or concerned when told their Pap smear is abnormal. However, an abnormal Pap smear does not necessarily indicate cervical cancer. It is imperative that women understand the different classifications of an abnormal Pap smear in order to better understand the additional testing and treatments that may occur as a result of the abnormal Pap smear.
Atypical Squamous Cells of Uncertain Significance
This classification indicates there is a change in the flat, thin cells found on the surface of the cervix, yet it is difficult to state certainly that the cells are not precancerous. According to the American Congress of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG), ASCUS is the most common abnormal Pap smear result and is most likely an indication of infection with the human papilloma virus (HPV).
Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion
The cervical cells suggest a precancerous lesion is present. Most of the time LGSIL indicates infection with HPV. According to ACOG, LGSIL is very common and may resolve without treatment; however, it may warrant further evaluation.If ignored, LGSIL may return to normal, remain unchanged or progress to a cancerous lesion.
High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion
The cervical cells demonstrate the presence of an advanced precancerous lesion. HGSIL is more likely to progress to cervical cancer then LGSIL, according to ACOG. Further evaluation with colposcopy, a technique that allows the medical provider to closely inspect and visualize the cervix, is often necessary. Often biopsies are performed to aid the diagnosis. Treatment options of HGSIL may include cryotherapy or excision of the lesion.
Atypical Glandular Cells
Indicates an abnormality in the glandular cells located in the upper portion of the cervix and the lining of the uterus. Further testing is required in order to determine the significance of the abnormal Pap smear result.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
The abnormality of the cervical cell indicates a high probability of a cancerous lesion located on the cervix. A pap smear result revealing squamous cell carcinoma requires immediate evaluation and treatment by a medical provider.
Adenocarcinoma
The Pap smear result demonstrates a high probability of glandular cancer cells located in the upper portion of the cervix or in the uterus.
