There are many different organisms, including some fungi, that live on the body without causing any medical disorders. Such organisms, including Candida, colonize the skin and other parts of the body but are kept in check by bacteria and the immune system. In some cases, though, these organisms can cause infections if the natural balance is perturbed.
Identification
Candida is a strain of yeast, which means that it is classified as a type of fungus. Candida is commonly found on the human body and normally does not cause any medical problems. As MedlinePlus notes, Candida can commonly be found on the skin, in the digestive tract and in the vagina. When Candida overgrows, however, it can cause an infection of different parts of the body.
Vaginal Candidiasis
One of the more common kinds of infections that Candida can cause is called vaginal candidiasis. This kind of infection is the result of the Candida that is normally found in the vagina overgrowing. Vaginal candidiasis is a common infection, and MedlinePlus notes that most women will develop this condition (also known as a yeast infection) at least once. A yeast infection can cause an abnormal vaginal discharge as well as a burning sensation while urinating and painful intercourse. Vaginal candidiasis can often be treated using creams or vaginal suppositories that contain antifungal medications.
Opportunistic Infections
As Aids InfoNet explains, Candida can also cause opportunistic infections. Opportunistic infections are those which infect people with weakened immune systems. These types of infections can be problematic for patients with HIV/AIDS or people who are taking corticosteroids (because these medications also inhibit the immune system). Opportunistic infections typically only cause medical problems for patients whose immune systems are unable to keep these normally harmless organisms from growing to the point where they can cause infections.
Oral Candidiasis
One common opportunistic Candida infection is an oral infection that is often referred to as thrush. Candida in the mouth and throat can cause white patches and red spots to appear on the oral mucosa. It can also spread to the esophagus where it causes Candida esophagitis. This condition can cause difficulty swallowing and nausea.
Other Opportunistic Infections
Candida can also cause more serious infections in the brain, joints, heart and eyes. These types of infections are also the result of a weakened immune system and of the fungus spreading from the areas that it normally colonizes to other tissues.
