A strong heart is the key to a long and healthy life. Several conditions can threaten the health of the heart, including heart disease, high cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia), high triglycerides (hypertriglyceridemia), hypertension and stroke. The American Heart Association asserts that following a heart-healthy lifestyle is essential in preventing the onset of these conditions.
High Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a fat-like substance found in the bloodstream. The body creates and uses it to function properly. There are several types of lipoproteins, but the main two are high-density lipoprotein (HDL or "good" cholesterol) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL or "bad" cholesterol). Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. As cholesterol levels increase, so do the chance for heart attack and heart disease.
Levels are determined through a simple blood test. The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) recommends that total cholesterol be less than 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). Ideal levels of LDL cholesterol are less than 100mg/dL. Optimal levels of HDL are 60mg/dL or higher.
High Triglycerides
Monitor triglyceride levels to monitor heart health. Triglycerides are a type of fat in the blood. According to the Mayo Clinic, high triglyceride levels are a risk factor for heart disease. Testing is included in the lipid panel that tests for cholesterol. Normal triglycerides are less than 150 mg/dL.
Hypertension
Blood pressure is the force that blood pus on blood vessels. Pressure is decided by the size of the arteries, volume of blood, force on the vessel walls, emotions and stress. As blood pressure rises, the force exerted on blood vessel walls increases. This results in weakening of the vessel walls. Cardiovascular risks include plaque buildup and increased risk of blood clots, which raise the chance of heart attack or stroke.
There are several categories of hypertension. Prehypertension occurs when systolic pressure (when the heart contracts) ranges from 120 to 139 or diastolic pressure (when the heart is relaxed) ranges between 80 and 89. Stage 1 hypertension is denoted if systolic pressure ranges from 140 to 159 or diastolic pressure is between 90 and 99.
Heart Disease
Coronary heart disease, also known as coronary artery disease (CAD), is a buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries. Plaque is composed of cholesterol, fat and other substances in the blood. CAD begins when damage occurs to the inner layers of the coronary arteries. Risk factors for heart disease include high cholesterol, hypertension, obesity, inactivity, smoking, age and diabetes. Lifestyle changes, such as weight loss, exercise and quitting smoking, are the first steps in prevention of heart disease. In addition, a doctor may prescribe medication to maintain heart health.
Stroke
Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia all contribute to decreased blood flow throughout the body. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, a stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain stops. Heart disease is also a contributing factor for stroke. Reducing cholesterol, blood pressure and triglyceride levels by leading a heart-healthy life can help decrease the risk of developing a stroke.
Heart-Healthy Living
Following a heart-healthy lifestyle can reduce and prevent the onset of cardiovascular-related disease. A heart-healthy diet is rich in whole grains, lean meats, fish, fruits and vegetables and low in sodium and saturated and trans fats. Avoid excessive alcohol consumption and tobacco smoke. In addition, physical activity aids in blood pressure control. Being active for 30 minutes most days will help to maintain a healthy weight, lower stress and increase cardiovascular health.
