Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is a thiazide diuretic (water pill) used to lower blood pressure. This medication works by preventing your body from absorbing too much salt, which can cause high blood pressure and fluid retention, according to Drugs.com. HCTZ is also prescribed for congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, kidney disorders or edema caused by taking steroid or estrogen, says Drugs.com. As with all medication, you should be aware of the associated side effects and what to do if you experience them.
Gastrointestinal System
According to Drugs.com, HCTZ may cause nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, loss of appetite, diarrhea, constipation or clay-colored stools. Seek immediate medical treatment if you have severe stomach pain or clay-colored stools; this may be a sign of serious liver damage. Take an over-the-counter stool softener if you have constipation. Other gastrointestinal system side effects should improve after continued use of HCTZ. Always let your doctor know of any side effects that you may experience.
Cardiovascular System
HCTZ may cause unwanted effects on your cardiovascular system, according to the Mayo Clinic. Although this medication is meant to help your heart function, your body may be sensitive to its effects or its dosage may be too high. Seek immediate medical treatment if you experience chest pain or irregular heartbeat as a side effect; this may be a sign of a more serious problem. Other less serious side effects should improve as your body adjusts to HCTZ. These side effects include lightheadedness, flushed skin, swelling and an increase in blood pressure. Your doctor may be able to adjust your dosage or prescribe a different medication if you experience these cardiovascular side effects.
Nervous System
Drugs.com says HCTZ may also affect your nervous system. You may experience numbness, or tingling, which requires prompt medical treatment. Other less serious side effects that you should tell your doctor about include confusion, dizziness, fatigue and headache, according to the Mayo Clinic. These side effects will likely improve as your body adjusts to this medication.
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