Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) happens to people who exaggerate worries and tension, turning normal situations into conditions they fear. People with the disorder constantly think about the worst possible outcome, even though the problems they are facing are typical difficulties that usually can be dealt with and overcome. But the anxiety continues for such concerns as health, finances, family matters or work problems. The disorder can be treated with psychotherapy and medication.
Physical Symptoms
The overwhelming feeling of worry can produce physical reactions, according to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). The many symptoms may include fatigue, headaches, muscle tension and aches, difficulty swallowing, trembling, twitching, lightheadedness, sweating, nausea and digestive or bowel problems. Shortness of breath and hot flashes also may occur. The obsession with embellishing troubles may lead to insomnia. Generalized anxiety disorder may result in an unconscious habit of grinding the teeth during sleep or during stressful situations, which can lead to excessive wear on the teeth.
Functional Difficulties
Many people with GAD are able to carry on with their daily jobs and participate in social activities despite their concerns. However, stressful situations may trigger excessive anxiety episodes, the Mayo Clinic says. Also, when anxiety becomes severe, it can interfere with simple daily tasks around the home or at work. The constant worry can impede the normal thinking involved in handling routines.
Triggers
Severe anxiety can lead to or intensify depression. The constant anxious feelings also result in substance abuse for some people who try to control their anxiety through self-medication. Drugs and alcohol can worsen the condition, but caffeine and nicotine may also affect anxiety, the Mayo Clinic explains. Serious illness may cause further worries about the future, increasing the anxiety that is already there.
Co-Existing Disorders
Generalized anxiety disorder often is accompanied by other anxiety disorders, the NIMH points out. The anxiety disorder rarely occurs alone. People with GAD may suffer from such disorders as panic attacks, phobias, obsessive-compulsive behavior and post-traumatic stress disorders.
Medication
Psychotherapy and medication usually are successful at treating anxiety disorders, but medication needs to be carefully monitored because it can trigger anxiety. Buspirone is an anti-anxiety medication that can treat anxiety symptoms, but it may have side effects that include insomnia, nervousness, headaches and nausea. Benzodiazepines are sedatives used to promote short-term relief for anxiety. But side effects may include problems with balance and memory.
