The thyroid is a gland located in the front of the neck, positioned just below the voice box. When functioning correctly, the thyroid secretes hormones to control metabolism. Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid does not make enough of the hormones. Physical symptoms of hypothyroidism may be vague at first, and some may think it's part of getting older. Left untreated, symptoms may become more severe and could even become life-threatening.
Fatigue and Sluggishness
Metabolism is regulated by hormones secreted by the thyroid. When hypothyroidism is present, lower levels of hormones are secreted, causing feelings of fatigue, sluggishness and weakness. These symptoms may become more severe if left untreated.
Skin and Hair Changes
Sensitivity to temperature changes, especially cool temperatures, is a symptom of hypothyroidism. Pale, dry skin that is cool to touch often develops. In time, hypothyroidism results in the skin becoming thicker. The face, hands and feet may appear puffy.
Hair becomes brittle, which can cause it to fall out or thin. The eyebrows aren't exempt, as thinning can occur here, too. Fingernails also become brittle as well.
Goiter
A goiter results if the thyroid is enlarged, according to the Mayo Clinic. This happens when the thyroid is constantly stimulated to release more hormones, compensating for the lack of production. This can be observed upon physical examination.
Myxedema
Hypothyroidism left to progress without treatment can result in a life-threatening condition called myxedema. Medline Plus reports that this, the most severe form of hypothyroidism, is rare. Myxedema happens when the body's level of thyroid hormones becomes dangerously low. A coma or death may occur if medical attention isn't obtained. Symptoms include low blood pressure, low blood sugar, difficulty or decreased breathing, lowered body temperature and unresponsiveness.
Delays in Infants, Children, and Teens
Infants with hypothyroidism may experience constipation, weak muscle tone and extreme drowsiness. If left untreated, hypothyroidism can cause mental and physical retardation.
Untreated hypothyroidism in children and teens will appear as an exacerbation in physical symptoms known to be present in adults. Children and teens may exhibit additional symptoms, such as an impairment in growth, delay in the advancement of permanent teeth and delay in the onset of puberty.
