Eczema is a general medical term that describes a skin condition also known as dermatitis. Scalp eczema is one of many different forms that can affect the skin and is also called seborrheic dermatitis. When eczema strikes the skin on the scalp, tiny bits of skin flake off and present as dandruff. When the hair is combed or brushed or the scalp is scratched, tiny silver flakes of skin break off and fall to the eyebrows, shoulders and clothing. The condition can be very troublesome if the skin over the scalp becomes infected.
Cleansing
According to the Mayo Clinic, dandruff can always be controlled but may not be cured. It can take persistence and patience to get the flakes under control. In general, all dandruff is aided by gently cleansing to reduce oiliness and skin cell buildup. Mild dandruff can usually be controlled with this treatment. However, if regular over-the-counter shampoo fails, then you may want to move to a medicated option.
Zinc Pyrithione Shampoo
According to the Mayo Clinic, there are several different ingredients in medicated dandruff shampoo. You should experiment with them until you find one that works best for your individual needs and that you prefer using. Shampoos that contain zinc pyrithione, such as Head & Shoulders, have antibacterial and antifungal properties. This reduces the fungal growth on the scalp and prevents infection that causes the outbreaks of dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis.
Coal Tar Shampoo
According to Omni Medical Search, coal tar shampoos should be reserved as a last resort or if your dermatologist recommends the product for your particular case. Shampoos that are coal tar-based are not your normal shampoo, and you should follow the directions very carefully. They can discolor white or blond hair and are usually messy to use. Tar shampoo will reduce the amount of skin growth on the top of the scalp and therefore reduce the amount of skin flaking from eczema.
Selenium Sufide
According to Omni Medical Search, selenium sulfide is one of the most common ingredients in dandruff shampoos on the market. This ingredient will slow the growth and formation of the very top layer of skin on the scalp. This results in a decrease in the amount of flaking of skin from the scalp.
Salicylic Acid
Salicylic acid is the same ingredient used in several of the popular over- the-counter acne preparations. According to the Mayo Clinic, the ingredient works by "scrubbing" the scalp to eliminate the scale. However, just as with use on the face, it can leave the skin dry and lead to more flaking. If you choose a shampoo that is salicylic acid-based, then include a conditioner after shampooing to help relieve dryness and avoid further flaking.
Ketoconazole
According to the National Institutes of Health, shampoos with Ketoconazole are usually reserved for severe cases of dandruff. The shampoo should be applied by parting the hair to the scalp and applying over a small area at a time while massaging into the skin. Ketoconazole is a broad spectrum antifungal medication that is available in over-the-counter shampoos as well as in prescription form.
Steroid Applications
If these shampoo options fail to improve your seborrheic dermatitis or if your scalp requires a little more help, your dermatologist may prescribe a steroid application to calm the inflammation and reduce the hyperactive skin growth response that happens with dermatitis. According to Dr. Jim Mitterando, Family Doctor at Health Care South, persistent dandruff may respond to steroid lotions and creams. They help to decrease redness, itching and scaling. However, these creams and lotions are a short-term solution, because they can cause thinning of the skin.
