Cushing's syndrome is a group of physical abnormalities caused by long-term exposure to high levels of the adrenal hormone cortisol, or by prescription corticosteroids. This disorder is sometimes referred to as hypercortisolism. Increased cortisol that is not due to corticosteroid medications can be caused by a problem with the adrenal glands, the pituitary gland or to certain tumors, according to Merck Manuals Medical Library.
General Metabolic Symptoms
Excess cortisol can play havoc with the entire endocrine system. People with Cushing's syndrome feel muscle weakness and extreme fatigue or low energy. They often experience depression and irritability. Cushing's syndrome can cause an elevated blood glucose level, which leads to increased thirst and urination. A prolonged increase in cortisol levels also creates high blood pressure.
Outward Physical Changes
Depending upon how long they have had the disorder, people with Cushing's syndrome tend to have a characteristic appearance. They commonly have round, plump faces and upper body obesity. They have an accumulation of fat on the lower neck between the shoulder blades, often referred to as a "buffalo hump." Thin arms and legs are also a hallmark of the illness.
Bone Symptoms
Over time, high levels of cortisol cause the bones to become thin and weak. Calcium absorption is reduced, and stress fractures of the spine are not uncommon. The ribs and back may feel sore.
Abnormal Hair Growth
Women with Cushing's syndrome develop an excessive growth of hair, called hirsutism. The hair appears on the face, neck, chest, abdomen and thighs.
Skin Symptoms
People with Cushing's syndrome have fragile, thin skin and poor wound healing. The skin bruises easily and may have purple stretch marks on the trunk, buttocks and arms.
Menstrual Symptoms
The National Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Information Service reports that women with Cushing's syndrome may have irregular periods or their periods may stop altogether.
Male Reproductive System Symptoms
Men with Cushing's syndrome may experience a loss of sex drive, erectile dysfunction and infertility.
