There are instances in which weight gain, especially sudden weight gain, occurs that cannot be explained simply because of poor diet or controllable over-eating. There are a number of diseases and conditions that affect hormones or functions in the body that can lead to weight gain. The good news is that once you begin to receive treatment for the underlying ailment, you may be better able to shed unhealthy body fat.
Hypothyroidism
The thyroid gland in the neck releases two thyroid hormones that help to regulate the body's metabolism. Hypothyroidism, or low levels of thyroid hormones, reduces the rate at which the body is able to use the energy according to the American Thyroid Association. This means that more energy is stored, resulting in weight gain. A decreased level of thyroid hormones can also affect kidney functions, resulting in excess fluids and salt remaining in the body. That also can contribute to the sudden weight gain.
Kidney Disease
The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products and excess fluid from the body. Kidney disease results in a loss of kidney function and can lead to kidney failure according to the Merck Manual. That can cause the body to retain both salt and water, leading to swelling and sudden weight gain, according to the American Thyroid Association.
Cushing's Syndrome
Cushing's syndrome is a hormonal disorder characterized by an increased level of the hormone cortisol. Cortisol, produced in the adrenal glands, is a hormone that is released to help the body respond to stressful situations. Chronic high levels of cortisol, however, can be detrimental to the body.
Approximately 70 percent of Cushing's syndrome cases not related to medications are caused by the presence of a pituitary tumor, according to the National Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Information Service. That is because the pituitary releases adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol. The presence of a tumor increases the ACTH level.
The majority of patients with Cushing's syndrome experience sudden weight gain. The weight gain is most prominent in the upper body, creating a rounded face and neck resulting in an apple-shaped body.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a hormone imbalance that according to the Children's Hospital Boston affects as many as one of every 10 women. Women with this syndrome have increased levels of luteinizing hormone produced by the pituitary gland and increased testosterone levels produced by the ovaries. Along with the symptoms of irregular menstrual cycles and abnormal hair growth, most will experience sudden weight gain. Doctors at the Mayo Clinic report that about half of the women with this syndrome are obese.
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