Paranoia refers to a symptom in which people become very aware of their environment and develop an unfounded observation about something. For example, an individual may think someone is following him. Sometimes, paranoia can be a sign of an underlying mental disorder. The causes of paranoia can be managed effectively.
Schizophrenia
The University of Maryland Medical Center defines schizophrenia as a mental psychotic disorder that affects thinking, mental status and emotions. Paranoia is a symptom of schizophrenia, as are trouble with short-term memory, a lack of emotions and problems with self-confidence.
Genetics, the environment and hormonal changes are just some causes of schizophrenia. Treatment for schizophrenia involves psychotherapy, counseling and taking such medications as thioridazine, haloperidol, clozapine or risperidone.
Schizoaffective Disorder
Schizoaffective disorder refers to a condition that share some components of schizophrenia. However, it is also classified as a mood disorder. Typical symptoms for schizoaffective disorder include paranoia, hallucinations and disorganized thinking. The Mayo Clinic notes that schizoaffective disorder leads to depression and an excited state known as mania. Additional symptoms of this condition include delusions, suicidal thoughts, trouble with memory and changes in appetite or energy.
It is unknown what exactly causes schizoaffective disorder, but it may be linked to genetics. It is thought that an imbalance in the brain chemicals dopamine and serotonin can lead to schizoaffective disorder. Treatment involves counseling and taking such medications as clozapine, risperidone, lithium or citalopram.
Social Phobia
Paranoia is a specific symptom of social phobia. The University of Maryland Medical Center explains that social phobia is an anxiety disorder that typically occurs with social situations. For example, people may develop social phobia during such events as public speaking, meeting people, eating in public and utilizing public restrooms.
MedlinePlus indicates that social phobia can begin in adolescence and typically is associated with people who have overprotective parents or limited social interactions. Medications and behavioral therapy can help manage social phobia.
