Polycystic ovary disease, also known as polycystic ovarian syndrome, is a condition in which the the ovaries may be enlarged and contain numerous small cysts located along the outer edge of each ovary. It is the most common hormonal disorder among women of reproductive age, the Mayo Clinic reports. Its cause is unknown, but a genetic predisposition and excess insulin may be contributing factors to this disease.
Menstrual Irregularity
Experiencing menstrual irregularity is a common symptom of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Examples of such abnormality include menstrual intervals longer than 35 days; fewer than eight menstrual cycles a year; failure to menstruate for four months or longer; and prolonged periods that may be scant or heavy, according to the Mayo Clinic. Other causes of menstrual irregularity include hormonal imbalance, stress, birth control or weight loss or gain.
Excess Androgens
A deepening of the voice and enlargement of the clitoris may occur with PCOS due to the excess of androgens, or male hormones, in your system. Elevated levels of androgens may result in physical signs such as excess facial and body hair (hirsutism), adult acne or severe adolescent acne and male-pattern baldness (androgenic alopecia), the Mayo Clinic states.
Infertility
Many women are not diagnosed with polycystic ovary disease until they have difficulty becoming pregnant; infertility is a common symptom. According to MedlinePlus, the immature follicles and the inability to release an egg (ovulate) likely are caused by low levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and higher than normal levels of androgens produced in the ovary. If you are trying to become pregnant and have PCOS, you may benefit from consult with either a reproductive endocrinologist or an infertility specialist.
Weight Gain
Severe weight gain or obesity are common symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Women with PCOS who are overweight should consider trying to lose weight--this can decrease insulin resistance, stimulate ovulation and increase fertility rates.
