Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease that most frequently involves the joints of the hands and feet. It originates when the membrane that lines the cavity around the joint (synovial membrane) becomes inflamed and thickened, leading to painful swelling as excess fluid builds up at the joint. The incidence of rheumatoid arthritis is two to three times higher in women than in men, says the Mayo Clinic. Corticosteroids are one of several treatment options.
Prednisone (Deltasone)
Prednisone is a steroidal medication that doctors prescribe for the treatment of the inflammation that accompanies rheumatoid arthritis. The initial dose of the tablet form ranges from 5mg to 60mg per day. If the patient responds to the initial dose, the doctor gradually decreases it until the lowest effective dose is found. Adverse effects stemming from treatment with corticosteroids like prednisone are dependent on the dose and the length of time treatment is required.
If a patient requires long-term treatment with prednisone, a doctor may decide to use an alternate day therapy regimen, says Drugs.com. This means that the patient takes twice the normal dose every other morning. This method provides the beneficial effects of prednisone while keeping problematic side effects to a minimum. Adverse effects associated with prolonged use of prednisone include cataract formation and glaucoma, which may be accompanied by damage to the optic nerves. Other side effects include decreased ability to fight infection, fluid retention, loss of muscle mass, menstrual irregularities and peptic ulcer.
Dexamethasone (Decadron Tablets)
Dexamethasone is an oral, prescription, corticosteroid medication that can alleviate the pain and inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis, states Drugs.com. The initial adult dose can range from 0.75mg to 9mg per day. If the initial dose produces a satisfactory response, the doctor gradually lowers it until the minimum effective level is achieved. Long-term use of dexamethasone can cause cataracts, glaucoma and eye infections. It may compromise the ability of the immune system to fight infection and hide the symptoms of any infection the patient may acquire. Other side effects include loss of muscle mass, high blood pressure, muscle weakness, nausea and peptic ulcer.
Methylprednisolone (Medrol)
According to Medline Plus, methylprednisolone is a corticosteroid that can reduce inflammation and treat rheumatoid arthritis. It is supplied as a tablet for oral administration. A doctor devises a dosing regimen that is appropriate for the individual patient, beginning with a dose in the range of 4mg to 48mg a day. The medication should be taken with food or milk to avoid the possibility of upset stomach, says Medline Plus. Common side effects include headache, dizziness, insomnia, irregular or absent menstrual periods and easy bruising.
