Bulimia is an eating disorder that involves eating food, often in excessive amounts, then purging through vomiting, over-exercise or laxative abuse. People with bulimia often are depressed, struggle with low self esteem and body image and can suffer serious, potentially life-threatening side effects. Guidance from a qualified professional improves the likelihood of long-term, successful recovery.
Dehydration
Since purging is a significant aspect of bulimia, dehydration is common. Vomiting, laxative abuse and overexercise rid the body of important fluids. Symptoms of dehydration include sunken eyes, dry mouth, lethargy and dark yellow or very little urine. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC), severe instances of dehydration can lead to seizures, brain damage or death. Since bulimia is often more difficult to detect than other eating disorders (those with bulimia may be underweight, normal weight or overweight and generally hide their behaviors), observing symptoms such as dehydration can help family and friends detect the disorder and, ideally, guide their loved one toward effective treatment.
Throat and Esophagus Damage
Repetitive vomiting sends stomach acid into the esophagus (the tube between the mouth and stomach).
People with bulimia may experience soreness, swelling, tearing and permanent damage to the throat and esophagus. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, bulimic purging may also cause part of the throat or esophagus to rupture. Blood in the vomit is a common indication of such rupturing. Damage to the throat and esophagus varies depending on the severity of the illness, frequency of vomiting and other factors.
Electrolyte Imbalance
Purging and dehydration can lead to electrolyte imbalances and low levels of potassium in the blood, which puts a person at risk for serious health consequences. According to the National Eating Disorders Association, electrolyte imbalance can cause those with bulimia to experience irregular heart beat, heart failure and, in severe cases, death. Electrolyte levels can be improved and maintained once purging behaviors have stopped and nutrients and liquids are replenished. To prevent serious consequences, treatment that addresses a person's behaviors as well as emotions that trigger binging, purging and other behaviors, is recommended. If you have bulimia and experience severe dizziness or changes in your heart beat, seek immediate medical attention, as such symptoms may indicate life-threatening conditions.
