Meningitis occurs when the brain membranes (known as meninges) and the cerebrospinal fluid that surrounds the brain and the spinal cord become inflamed. Meningitis is typically caused by some type of infection. Adults are most commonly affected by viral meningitis. This inflammation causes the head to swell, which triggers warning signs or symptoms for the patient or their physician.
Flu-Like Symptoms
Meningitis overall is very flu-like in nature, according to the Mayo Clinic. Many patients experience a fever, chills, nausea and even vomiting related to a severe headache, similar to those who experience migraines. Meningitis can be an illusive condition because its onset is very similar to the flu, and many other illnesses cause flu-like symptoms. Paying attention to the duration of any flu-like symptoms and relaying the details to your physician will prove helpful in your treatment.
Neurological Symptoms
Because the brain and spinal cord are affected, there will undoubtedly be neurological symptoms. You may notice some stiffness in your neck or shoulders. Over time, you may develop sensitivity to light that causes or exacerbates headaches. In severe cases, patients may experience seizures.
Cognitive Symptoms
Whether moderate or severe, meningitis can cause some cognitive symptoms. Patients with a mild case of meningitis or meningitis that is in its early stages may experience confusion or difficulty concentrating. As the disease progresses, difficulty sleeping or difficulty waking up may occur. Patients with advanced symptoms of meningitis may experience increased agitation or irritability, as well as difficulty communicating. Changes in appetite, such as diminished sensations of hunger and thirst, are common, similar to the symptoms associated with flu.
Changes in Physical Appearance
Some patients notice a skin rash, indicating the virus' journey through the body. Some patients notice swelling on certain parts of the head, such as the frontal lobe or at the temples.
Cardiovascular Symptoms
Some patients have reported an occurrence of cardiovascular symptoms such as difficulty breathing or shortness of breath.
