An IUD (intra-uterine device) is a method of contraception in which a small T-shaped device is inserted into the uterus. It is believed to work by altering the uterine lining and preventing implantation if fertilization should occur. There are currently two types of IUD's on the market. One is made of copper and does not contain hormones. The other is plastic and contains a small amount of the hormone levonorgestrel. There are some common side effects for both types of IUDs, while some effects may differ depending on which IUD you may choose.
Side Effects for Both IUDs
There are some common side effects associated with both IUDs. Irregular bleeding or spotting may occur during the first three to six months, the American Pregnancy Association reports. Your IUD may become expelled or embedded into the uterine wall. If your IUD is expelled you may become pregnant. It is your responsibility to check the strings in your vagina to ensure that your IUD is in place. In rare cases, you could develop an infection from using an IUD. This usually occurs in the first three weeks after insertion due to bacteria that entered the uterus during the insertion process. The infection may be treated with an antibiotic. Without treatment it could lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, which can lead to infertility.
Copper IUD Side Effects
The copper IUD may be used for up to 10 years. According to Planned Parenthood, it may cause a 50 to 75 percent increase in menstrual flow, which can lead to a low red blood cell count. You may also experience an increase in menstrual cramping and backaches during your monthly period. These side effects may diminish after the first year that you use the copper IUD.
Plastic IUD Side Effects
The plastic IUD contains levonorgestrel, a synthetic form of progesterone. It may be used for a period of five years. After your body adjusts to it, you may experience menstrual irregularity. The number of bleeding days may decrease (but stay irregular), and you may even find that your periods stop altogether while you use the plastic IUD. You may experience hormonal side effects from it such as acne, headache, mood changes, breast tenderness and nausea. There is also an increased incidence of ovarian cysts in women who use the plastic version.
