Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (yeast infection) is caused by an overgrowth of a fungus found in the healthy vagina. Under normal conditions, the vagina has a balance of yeast and bacteria, which helps to keep the environment clean and moist. However, a number of factors can cause an imbalance in the amount of yeast in proportion to the amount of bacteria, causing a yeast infection. Yeast infections are very common---it is estimated that 75 percent of women will have one in her lifetime.
Itching
Itching is one of the most common symptoms of a yeast infection. While it is no cause for alarm, yeast infections can occur concurrently with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and may increase your susceptibility to other infections. Yeast infections can be caused by certain antibiotics or can be an indicator of other underlying conditions, such as diabetes and infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Talk to your doctor if you begin having frequent or more-severe yeast infections.
Vaginal Soreness or Pain
The vulva (area outside the vagina) may be swollen, red and painful during a yeast infection. Pain can be worse during sex or urination. Do not try to alleviate the pain with sprays, douches or other feminine products as those can actually make the problem worse.
Abnormal Discharge
Often women with yeast infections experience no discharge. However, some women do experience an increase or a change in vaginal discharge. Women who do notice a discharge may see white, slightly lumpy and odorless fluid. If you notice discharge that is gray, greenish or has a strong fishy odor, you may have a different type of infection. Bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis are two types of vaginal infections that may sometimes be mistaken for a yeast infection. Also, remember that a healthy vagina normally excretes a small amount of clear or cloudy fluid as part of the vaginal cleansing process.
Conclusion
While yeast infections are common, they are not the most prevalent vaginal infection. If you suspect you have an infection---if you are experiencing itching, pain or abnormal discharge---contact your health care provider before using an over-the-counter medication. It is important to pinpoint the type of infection before treatment to ensure you do not make it worse.
