The Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) explains that pre-diabetes is a condition diagnosed by impaired fasting blood sugar levels and/or impaired glucose tolerance. Delaying the onset of diabetes, even once pre-diabetes is present, is quite possible when the proper interventions are employed. Treatment involves several strategies to improve the cell insulin receptors. This allows glucose to enter the cells and be processed appropriately, rather than circulate around the bloodstream, damaging vessels and organs.
Monitoring
Blood sugar levels can be tested at home and recorded in paper journals or computer logs. Checking blood sugar levels during different times of day and collecting this data over a period of time helps the physician determine appropriate treatment courses for each individual. When dietary intake and exercise activities are also logged, blood sugar response can demonstrate those foods, beverages, and exercises that have a beneficial effect on lowering glucose levels. Monitoring hemoglobin A1C levels--which must be performed in a laboratory--can show success controlling glucose levels over a longer term. Lab Tests Online reports levels from 5.7 to 6.4 percent are diagnostic of pre-diabetes. This test reflects glucose levels over the past two to three months.
Medications
According to the National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse (NDIC), the Food and Drug Administration has not approved any medications for treating pre-diabetes. The NDIC does go on to say that the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends a drug called metformin for use in people under age 60 with pre-diabetes who have both impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose levels, as well as a BMI of 35 or greater.
Exercise
The NDIC reports that physical activity is one lifestyle change that can help reverse pre-diabetes by improving the body's response to insulin. Large-scale studies, such as the Diabetes Prevention Program, have shown blood glucose levels can return to normal by increasing regular physical activity. Medline Plus, a service of the National Institute of Health, suggests finding an activity that is enjoyable and aiming to include it as part of a daily routine; this can mean just a 30-minute walk each day.
Diet
Blood sugar level is affected by eating foods that turn to sugar, including fruits, starches, and other carbohydrate-containing foods. Reducing intake of calories, particularly from sweets, can prevent glucose elevation in many instances. A lower calorie intake will lead to weight loss over time.
Weight Loss
The ADA explains that even small amounts of weight loss help control blood sugar, and may resolve pre-diabetes. With only 5 to 10 percent of body weight lost, dramatic improvement in blood sugar levels can result. Weight loss will occur with a reduction in calorie intake and an increase in activity level through a daily exercise routine.
