Pneumonia is characterized by several symptoms, each caused by infections that impact the upper respiratory tract, including the lungs, says KidsHealth.org a website of the Nemours Foundation. Specific infectious agents that can cause pneumonia include viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. Symptoms of the infection include fever, chills, cough, chest pain, abdominal pain, trouble breathing and sometimes vomiting. Treatment of pneumonia in children varies depending on the severity of the symptoms and the cause of the infection.
Diagnosis
A chest X-ray, blood test and a culture of the mucous secretions of an ill child can help a doctor make the diagnosis of pneumonia, says KidsHealth.org. Identifying the cause of the infection can help identify proper treatment methods. These diagnostic practices are minimally invasive and prevent improper treatment of certain infections. For example, prescribing antibiotics to treat pneumonia caused by a virus is useless as a virus must run its course.
Medications
Pneumonia caused by a fungus or bacteria can be treated with corresponding prescription medications. A fungal infection is treated with oral anti-fungals, while bacterial infections warrant use of antibiotics. Children are often given liquid forms of these medications that have flavor additives to make administration more pleasant. The University of Maryland Medical Center discourages caregivers from giving cold medications to a child who has pneumonia unless they have been directed to by a doctor. Suppressing a cough with medication, for example, can promote fluid build-up in the lungs and worsen the condition.
Hospitalization
In serious cases of pneumonia, a child may be hospitalized to receive various treatments. This includes intravenous administration of antibiotics, anti-fungals or fluids to restore hydration. Oxygen may be given for children who are having significant difficulty breathing.
Mild Symptom Treatment
As with any cold or sickness, a child can be treated at home if the symptoms are mild or a doctor has already given directions. Fever-reducers and/or pain-relieving medications may be given with the advice of a doctor. A fever higher than 102 degrees, however, requires a call to the doctor. A heating pad, clear broths and rehydration liquids are other simple home treatment options for children. Caregivers should continue taking the child's temperature at least once in the morning and once at night, or every hour if the temperature is elevated. Check for skin discoloration that can indicate insufficient oxygen levels. KidsHealth.org says the lips and fingernails may appear bluish or gray when the lungs are not getting enough oxygen. This indicates an medical emergency.
