Backcountry skiing, also known as "off-piste" skiing, refers to skiing in areas not formally designated or patrolled for skiing and generally not serviced by ski lifts. Backcountry ski equipment differs from traditional alpine ski gear in that the binding allows the skier to free her heel, thus allowing a natural stride. Used in conjunction with wax, textured ski bases, or climbing skins, backcountry skiers can ski uphill and on level terrain, in addition to making downhill turns.
Why Ski the Backcountry?
For many, the backcountry is a magical place. As most backcountry ski destinations require that the skier hike or climb to the start of a run, backcountry skiers can escape from the crowds that jam many ski areas. After the initial investment in ski and safety equipment, backcountry skiers save money by not having to buy lift tickets. Backcountry skiing is also a workout. Though you may not ski as many vertical feet, each descent is memorable.
Where to Ski
Backcountry skiers can find suitable terrain all over the world. Most areas that host downhill ski areas often receive enough snow for backcountry skiing. Backcountry ski runs range from easy cruises along forest roads and trails to extreme descents of near-vertical mountain faces. In the United States, the Rocky Mountains, the Sierra Nevada and the Washington Cascades all host backcountry skiers. New Hampshire's Mount Washington is home to famous and challenging backcountry runs. The ancient Appalachians also attract backcountry enthusiasts.
Telemark
One popular style of backcountry skiing is known as telemark. In telemark skiing, the ski binding holds a flexible boot firmly at the toe. The skier's heel is never fixed to the ski, but rather lifts much like it does with cross-country skis. Turning is accomplished by placing one foot in front of the other, bending the knees, and lifting the heel of the rear ski. Telemark skiing is graceful and fun, and the equipment is relatively simple.
Randonee or Alpine Touring
Alpine touring is a type of skiing in which the binding allows the skier to choose between a free heel or a locked heel similar to a downhill ski. It has the advantage of allowing accomplished downhill skiers to transition into the backcountry without learning the telemark turn. Alpine touring bindings are also more reliably releasable than telemark bindings.
Equipment
In addition to a backcountry ski with telemark or alpine touring bindings, suitable boots, and ski poles, backcountry skiers must carry a number of other items. Warm but flexible clothing, food and water are essential, as is a pack to comfortably carry these items. Helmets are highly recommended. Backcountry skiers may choose to carry wax or climbing skins in order to move forward on trails. Finally, an avalanche beacon, probe pole and shovel are critical for avalanche safety.
Risks
Backcountry skiing poses some risks not found in the ski resort. Since backcountry areas are not patrolled or groomed, the terrain can be extremely variable and include hazards like trees, cliffs, and steep slopes. Avalanches are an ever-present danger, and no skier should proceed into the backcountry without at least a rudimentary avalanche education.
Education
Learning to ski in the backcountry requires education in three areas. First, the skier must master the techniques of turning the chosen equipment down the slopes. Second, a thorough understanding of backcountry terrain is important to not getting lost and avoiding the risk of avalanche. Third, learning basic winter skills such as layering, staying hydrated, and emergency survival will ensure a fun, safe experience.
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