An estimated 12 million people in the United States have dry eyes, according to the University of Illinois at Chicago. Dry eyes occur when they are unable to produce sufficient tears for lubrication, resulting in eye redness, irritation and pain. While most cases of dry eyes do not cause long-term health problems, severe or chronic dry eyes can lead to infection, significant eye inflammation or corneal scarring, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Artificial Tears
Artificial tears are effective at treating mild cases of dry eyes. The drops are available in most pharmacies and retail stores and work by replacing the eye's natural tears to increase lubrication in the eyes. According to the University of Illinois, some over-the-counter products may contain preservatives that can cause allergic reactions in some people. In addition to drops, artificial tears are also available as dissolving inserts that are applied directly to the eyes, but these require a prescription. The American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends using artificial tears immediately before going to bed to prevent eye dryness and scratchiness upon waking.
Medications
Depending on the underlying cause of your dry eyes, medicated eye drops or oral antibiotics may help reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms. Dry eyes caused by blepharitis may improve with regular cleanings with diluted baby shampoo and treatment with oral antibiotics or antibiotic drops or ointment, according to the Mayo Clinic. Cyclosporine is a medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of chronic dry eyes. This medication reduces eye inflammation and increases production of tears. When inflammation is severe, doctors may prescribe steroid drops to ease dry eye symptoms.
Surgery
Closure of the lacrimal ducts, the tear ducts located in the corners of the eyes, may relieve symptoms in some cases. This procedure prevents tears from draining out of the eyes, thereby increasing lubrication and reducing symptoms. Eyelid surgery may be necessary when dry eyes are caused by a malposition of the lower eyelids.
Other Remedies
The University of Illinois suggests running a humidifier inside the home, especially during dry, winter months. Wearing AIM moisture glasses that wrap around the eyes and avoiding windy and smoky conditions may also be beneficial. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids may also help dry eyes, according to the Mayo Clinic. The American Optometric Association states that using warm compresses and performing regular eyelid massage may help reduce ocular surface inflammation and improve tear production.
