Supplements containing probiotics, or "friendly" bacteria, have become increasingly popular. The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) reports that probiotic sales in the U.S. tripled between 1994 and 2003. Probiotics are generally regarded as safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. However, these supplements may be associated with some side effects and complications. While side effects of probiotics are generally mild and resolve with further treatment, others can cause serious complications. People who are pregnant, nursing, taking medications or coping with a medical condition should consult a licensed health care provider before taking probiotic supplements.
Abdominal Discomfort
According to Medline Plus, a service of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, abdominal discomfort is the most common side effect associated with the popular probiotic acidophilus.
Flatulence
Probiotic supplements may cause mild to moderate gas pain and flatulence. This relatively common side effect generally abates with continued supplementation. To prevent abdominal pain and gas, many practitioners recommend starting with a low dose of probiotics and gradually increasing the amount taken.
Heart Valves
In extremely rare cases, probiotics such as acidophilus have caused infections on the heart valves. The National Institutes of Health report that this risk appears to be highest in people with artificial heart valves.
Systemic Infection
The National Institutes of Health report that people with severely compromised immune systems may develop a life-threatening, systemic infection after taking probiotic supplements. People with HIV or AIDS should use probiotics only under the guidance of a qualified health care provider. Anyone taking drugs that suppress the immune system-- including organ transplant immunosuppressants and some forms of chemotherapy-- should avoid probiotics entirely.
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