Ibuprofen is a medication in a class of drugs referred to as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). According to Familydoctor.org, ibuprofen is effective at reducing mild to moderate pain and is often prescribed to those suffering from arthritis, low back pain, toothache, earache, flu and pain after surgery. Ibuprofen is also effective at reducing inflammation and is often prescribed to those who experience a muscle strain to help mitigate the effects of inflammation. Ibuprofen is also able to reduce fever. As with any medication, there are a variety of potential side effects.
Minor Common Side Effects
According to Drugs.com, most healthy adults who take ibuprofen as prescribed have no side effects, but there are many minor possible complications, including nausea and vomiting, weakness, headache, constipation or diarrhea, drowsiness, nervousness or sleeplessness. If these symptoms become persistent or bothersome, talk to your doctor. He may be able to suggest ways to prevent or reduce them.
Cardiovascular Risk
According to RXlist.com, clinical trials have shown that ibuprofen, as well as all NSAIDs, increase the risk of having a serious cardiovascular event, such as heart attack, stroke and blood clots. This risk is increased with long-term use--greater than three years--of ibuprofen. This drug can also cause the onset of a new high blood pressure condition or worsen an existing one. Ibuprofen has also been shown to cause fluid retention and can be a significant problem for those with congestive heart failure; this may aggravate their condition. Individuals who have other risk factors for cardiovascular disease should use extra caution when taking ibuprofen.
Gastrointestinal Effects
One of the most well-known and serious side effects of ibuprofen use is damage to the gastrointestinal tract. According to Mayo Clinic, gastrointestinal damage can occur at any time without any previous warning signs. These adverse effects include bleeding, ulceration, inflammation and perforation of the stomach and the intestines. The longer that ibuprofen is used, the greater the risk of damaging the G.I. tract. These gastrointestinal effects are life-threatening and any symptom, such as bloody stool or vomiting of blood, should be reported immediately to your doctor.
Birth Defects
According to Mayo Clinic, using ibuprofen while pregnant can harm your unborn baby. Problems generally occur when ibuprofen is taken in the last trimester of pregnancy, but if you are at any stage of pregnancy or are nursing, check with your doctor before taking ibuprofen.
Allergic Reactions
A severe type of allergic reaction, called anaphylaxis, is possible with ibuprofen use, but it is rare. Anaphylaxis is an emergency medical condition that can cause rapid or irregular heartbeat, irregular or difficulty breathing, swelling and difficulty swallowing or rash. Contact a doctor immediately.
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