Fibromyalgia, also known as fibromyalgia syndrome, fibromyositis and fibrositis is a condition characterized by chronic pain. According to the National Fibromyalgia Association (NFA), it is considered a syndrome. It differs from a disease because the signs, symptoms and medical issues occur together with no identifiable cause. Patients with severe symptoms experience debilitation and interference in simple daily routines.
Causes
The underlying cause of fibromyalgia remains unknown. The NFA believes the general problem to be within the central nervous system. Recent studies revealed that fibromyalgia patients have similar abnormalities in spinal cord and brain testing. In some cases, fibromyalgia may also be linked to genetic predisposition and nerve damage caused by infection or trauma.
Symptoms
The primary symptom of fibromyalgia is long-term, widespread body pain. According to the NFA, fatigue, sleep disturbances and sensitivity to external stimulants such as touch, light and sound may occur. Additional symptoms may include bowel and bladder disturbances; headaches; impaired memory and concentration; and problems with eyes, ears, mouth and coordination.
Diagnosis
There are no laboratory tests to diagnosis fibromyalgia. According to the NFA, a doctor relies on the patient's report of symptoms and a physical examination to make a diagnosis. The American College of Rheumatology criteria is the standard diagnostic tool used in determining fibromyalgia. The criteria states that pain must be present for at least three months and the patient should have 11 to 18 areas on her body that are described as tender points.
Treatment
Treatment options focus on improving or relieving the fibromyalgia symptoms. The NFA states that traditional interventions such as pain control, sleep management and psychological support may only be a part of treatment. Alternative therapies, such as myofascial release, acupuncture, massage, herbal supplements and yoga, can be effective tools in managing symptoms. Fibromyalgia sufferers who rest more often, reduce stressors, practice relaxation techniques, pace their activities and improve their diet may improve their quality of life and minimize symptoms. Exercise such as daily walking and warm-water exercise should also be considered.
Prognosis
According to the NFA, no cure exists but a better, faster diagnosis and treatments continue to be developed. Studies have revealed that with a variety of treatment options, fibromyalgia sufferers can decrease symptoms and experience an improved quality of life.
