Dry skin (also called xerosis) is a common problem, especially during the winter. Generally, dry skin isn't considered a serious medical condition, but it's often annoying or uncomfortable to people who suffer with it. Dry skin is often fairly easy to prevent and treat.
Causes
One major cause of dry skin is dry air, which sucks moisture out of the epidermis. In most climates winter is a major culprit, because the air is drier at that time and central heating can suck any moisture right out of the air. Taking hot baths too frequently can also dry out skin, especially if you use harsh soaps. In the summer, sun exposure and central air conditioning can cause drying of the skin. A few medical conditions could be to blame, including thyroid problems, eczema or psoriasis.
Symptoms
Dry skin shows up as peeling or flaking of the surface skin cells. It can also make the skin feel tight or impart a rough texture. Fine lines, redness and itching might occur with skin that's extremely dry. The most common places to get dry skin are the arms, lower legs and sides.
Prevention
Using a humidifier can help moisten the environment of your home, which is especially important in the winter when the air is drier. Limit baths or showers to only a few minutes instead of taking a long soak and use gentle cleansers or soaps.
Treatment
Moisturizers are a good way to treat dry skin, but be sure to choose an effective product. The best moisturizers are the thickest kinds--things such as ointments or oils. Petroleum jelly is an effective moisturizer and can be slathered on the hands and covered with cotton-lined gloves overnight. Put on moisturizer three to four times a day to effectively treat dry skin. After a bath or shower is the best time to put it on, to allow it to trap the moisture that has soaked into your skin.
Considerations
If dry skin turns red or starts to itch, it may be a sign of a rash or a more serious dermatological condition. See a doctor if there are signs of inflammation, or areas where the skin begins to ooze. You can consult a dermatologist if all efforts to prevent or treat dry skin fail.
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