Headaches are a common complaint, affecting children and adults alike. For some, headache pain is easily treated with cold pack placed on the forehead or a short nap in a quiet place. For others, however, an over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription medication is needed to relieve the intense pressure or throbbing. If you experience chronic headaches, check with your doctor to rule out underlying conditions.
NSAIDs
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as naproxen, aspirin and ibuprofen, are available in prescription and non-prescription strengths. The drugs are effective at relieving general pain throughout the body, including headache pain. The American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) reports the drugs are most commonly prescribed for conditions like arthritis, due to their anti-inflammatory action. Because they prevent blood from clotting, however, some individuals should not take them. In addition, NSAIDs may increase the risks of stomach upset, cause ulcers and can interfere with kidney functioning.
Antidepressants
Anti-depressants are a treatment option for chronic headache sufferers. Tricyclic antidepressants, such as nortriptyline, may also help with other conditions, such as anxiety and insomnia, which often occur with chronic headaches, according to the Mayo Clinic. These medications are available by prescription.
Triptans
Triptans, such as sumatriptan, are commonly used to treat moderate to severe migraine headaches. These drugs are believed to work to constrict blood vessels that cause migraines and prevent the release of pro-inflammatory neuropeptides, according to the Laura Dean, M.D., of the National Center of Biotechnology Information. Triptans may be helpful for migraine sufferers because they relieve additional symptoms, such as nausea and sensitivity to light and sound. A doctor can prescribe the drugs in various forms, such as tablets, nasal sprays, wafers and in subcutaneous injection form. Triptans may not be appropriate for everyone, however, as they may present cardiovascular risks to some individuals.
Narcotics
Narcotics, such as oxycodone, are often used before surgery (as a sedative) or in cases where severe pain exists. Because they may be habit-forming, they are not generally prescribed to relieve headaches. However, patients who have tried other options and continue to have intense headache pain may require a narcotic pain reliever. The Drugs website reports oxycodone works by dulling the pain perception center in the brain. Higher doses of the medications may affect the respiratory and circulatory systems, causing tightness in the chest and difficulty breathing. In addition, the drug can cause drowsiness and should not be taken before driving or performing some tasks.
