Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a hormone that occurs naturally in the body as a precursor to male and female sex hormones (androgens and estrogens). DHEA supplementation is useful for treating adrenal insufficiency, depression and lupus, according to the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH). Some people take DHEA supplements for the claimed antiaging effects, as DHEA levels begin decreasing after age 30. Taking recommended doses of DHEA as an oral supplement is generally safe, according to the NIH, but certain risks are associated with its use, particularly on a long-term basis, in high doses or by injection.
Cancer
DHEA supplementation can lead to unusually high levels of androgen and estrogen hormones in the body. This may increase the risk of hormone-related cancers such as breast, ovarian and prostate cancer, according to the NIH. DHEA also may elevate tamoxifen resistance in people with breast cancer.
Gender-Related Hormonal Effects
Women taking DHEA can experience side effects related to male hormones. These effects include acne, oily skin, scalp hair loss, increased perspiration and weight gain around the waist. Facial hair and a deeper voice may develop and may be permanent. Changes in menstruation also may occur. In men, side effects may include larger breasts, breast tenderness, testicular wasting and increased aggressiveness.
Other Hormonal Effects
Many other hormonal side effects are possible when taking large amounts of DHEA. They include increased blood sugar and insulin resistance and changes in cholesterol levels, thyroid hormone levels and adrenal function. High DHEA levels have been linked to Cushing's syndrome, a disorder involving production of too much adrenal hormone. Because of its hormonal effects, DHEA may be unsafe to take during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Liver Damage
High doses of DHEA may cause liver damage, according to Health Services at Columbia. Anyone with a history of liver disease should not take DHEA. People also may need to avoid taking DHEA if they drink large amounts of alcohol or use medications that affect the liver such as statin drugs or acetaminophen.
Cardiovascular Effects
DHEA use also has been associated with rapid heart rate or arrhythmia. People with heart rhythm disorders or who take heart medications may not be able to safely take DHEA, as noted by the NIH. DHEA also may raise the risk of blood clotting and elevated blood pressure.
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