Tingling in the hands and feet, also known as paresthesias, can be caused by a variety of conditions, diseases and disorders. Although it may be due to something as simple as sitting in one position too long, it can also be a sign of a more serious condition. It is therefore important to determine the underlying cause of the tingling sensation.
Raynaud's Phenomenon
Raynaud's phenomenon is a condition that occurs when the blood vessels in the extremities, usually the fingers and toes, constrict, reducing the blood supply to that area. The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases reports that this condition affects approximately 3 percent of the population and occurs more often in women than men. Raynaud's phenomenon can be primary, meaning it is not a symptom of another disease, and is often triggered by cold temperatures. When Raynaud's phenomenon is caused by another disease, it is known as a secondary Raynaud's phenomen.
Pernicious Anemia
Pernicious anemia, a specific type of megaloblastic anemia, is a rare blood disorder of a low number of red blood cells that is caused by a vitamin B12 deficiency. The inability to absorb vitamin B12 may be caused by chronic gastritis, and is often associated with other diseases, including Type 1 diabetes and thyroid disease.
Red blood cells carry oxygen to the cells throughout the body. A reduced number of red blood cells means less oxygen is circulating through the body. This can lead to nerve damage resulting in tingling in the hands and feet.
Peripheral Neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathy is a disorder involving the peripheral nerves which connect the spinal cord to the muscles, skin and organs. Peripheral neuropathy causes damage to the nerves, resulting in tingling, numbness and sometimes pain usually in the hands and feet.
Peripheral neuropathy is a common disorder, affecting approximately 20 million Americans, according to the Neuropathy Association. There are over 100 conditions that can cause peripheral neuropathy, and about 30 percent of all cases are caused by diabetes.
Guillian-Barre Syndrome
Guillian-Barre syndrome is a rare autoimmune disease in which immune cells attack the nerves, resulting in nerve damage. Tingling in the hands and feet is often the first symptom. The tingling sensation can spread through the arms and legs, and cause muscle weakness that can progress to paralysis.
The exact cause of Guillian-Barre syndrome is unknown; however, approximately 60 percent of all cases are preceded by an infection of either the lungs or digestive tract, according to the Mayo Clinic.
