According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR), attention deficit disorder (ADD), now known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is broken down into three categories: inattentiveness, hyperactivity and combined type. Originally a diagnosis given to children only, ADHD is now recognized as a diagnosis that can be given to adults as well. Medication management for adults is often the primary course of treatment. Several different medications are now available for the treatment of ADHD.
How They Work
According to Drugs.com, ADHD medications are stimulants that affect the central nervous system to treat hyperactivity and inattentiveness. Kidshealth.org notes that ADHD medications are helpful because they increase the levels of two chemicals in the brain, dopamine and norepinephrine. Science Daily explains that dopamine affects memory formation, while norepinephrine affects arousal and attentiveness. ADHD medications also affect the area of the brain called the prefrontal cortex, which controls attention and decision-making.
Types of Medications
ADHD medications can be broken down into the following categories: methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta), dexmethylphenidate (Focalyn), amphetamine-dextroamphetamine (Adderall), lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse), atomoxetine hydrochloride (Strattera) and bupropion (Wellbutrin). The only medications that are not considered stimulants are Strattera and Wellbutrin. It is important to note that not all medications work for everyone. It is not unusual for a doctor to have you try a couple of medications before deciding on one. A doctor must balance the side effects of the medication with the effectiveness.
Side Effects
According to Psychdrugs.com, common side effects of ADHD medications are weight loss and appetite decrease, high blood pressure, addiction, increased energy, elevated heart rate, insomnia and psychiatric problems such as anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts and paranoia.
Potential of Abuse
Stimulant medications are addictive and often abused. According to Psychdrugs.com, the abuse of stimulants may lead individuals to try more severe drugs, like cocaine or methamphetamine (crystal meth), because of the "high" that an individual gets. It is imperative to only use your stimulant medication as directed and do not share it with others. Drugs.com warns that the abuse of stimulants may cause heart or blood vessel problems, high body temperatures, irregular heartbeat, heart failure, seizures or death.
Expert Insight
ADHD medications are very effective in treating this diagnosis in adults. There are several types of medications available that can be helpful if used properly and under the supervision of a doctor. Each medication has its own side effects and usage directions; following the doctor's advice can minimize the risk of experiencing side effects. Remember, not all medications work for everyone. You may have to try a couple before finding one that works best for you.
