Depression affects more than 15 million people in the United States, according to Depression Statistics. It is a disorder that appears in many forms, affecting every person differently. Its diagnosis depends on its symptoms, the length of the symptoms and the cause of these symptoms if they can be determined.
Major Depression
Known also as clinical depression, major depression is the most serious type of all depressions, according to Psychology Information Online. This is due to the number and severity of the symptoms that accompany this type. The symptoms vary by person and do not dictate diagnosis. For instance, one person may be suicidal while another may be socially withdrawn, having lost his zest for life. Both are symptoms of major depression, but neither has to be present in every patient for diagnosis. This makes it difficult for doctors to officially diagnose anyone with major depression since there is no specific criteria that needs to be met. HelpGuide states major depression often robs one of his ability to enjoy life and takes the pleasure out of activities he once enjoyed.
Dysthymia
Dysthymia can be described as a low-level to moderate type of depression that lasts for two years or longer. Its symptoms are generally not as severe as those experienced with major depression. HelpGuide states that in between periods of depression patients usually experience episodes of normalcy--periods when they are not affected by depressive symptoms. While the symptoms are not as severe, they are more persistent and resistive to care. People with dysthymia have a difficult time recalling a time in their life when they were not depressed, and the symptoms experienced during this time make it difficult to live life fully. In many cases, those with this type will experience an episode of major depression in addition to dysthymia. This is known as double depression, which requires close treatment and monitoring.
Bipolar Depression
Bipolar depression, known also as manic depression and bipolar disorder, is the depression that typically accompanies the extreme "highs" of bipolar disorder. Once a person has experienced a manic, or euphoric phase, she will typically experiences a phase of depression. HealthyPlace states that bipolar disorder is the result of a chemical imbalance and is treated successfully 80 percent of the time with medications that are prescribed specifically for the restoration of these chemicals.
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
SAD is a type of depression that occurs when there is a lack of sunshine, such as overcast days or during a change of season, especially during fall and winter when the days or shorter and sunlight is limited. HelpGuide states that SAD is more common in young people who reside in northern climates. HealthyPlace adds that once spring arrives and the days become longer, those who suffer from this condition usually begin feeling better. Light therapy, which is exposure to artificial light, generally helps people diagnosed with this type of depression.
