Brown recluse spider bites are poisonous but rarely fatal. Prompt medical treatment is necessary to avoid serious complications. The brown recluse spider can be found outdoors or indoors, usually in hidden areas. It generally only bites when it feels threatened. This brown-colored spider, about the size of a quarter, has a bite that looks like a pimple surrounded by reddened skin. Severe pain, swelling and itching may follow. The area will then blister and the surrounding tissue may die over a period of months.
First Aid
The area of the bite should be washed with soap and water. The University of Tennessee Agricultural Extension explains that typical first aid for a brown recluse spider bite includes ice applied to the site; elevation of the wound if it is on the hand, arm, foot or leg; and compression of the area. The patient is also encouraged to cease any physical activity and rest.
Medical Treatment
An antihistamine may be prescribed to ease itching. Mild pain medicine may be given to treat the pain associated with the tissue swelling and damage. Antibiotics may be ordered to keep the area from getting infected. A tetanus toxoid shot may be given to avoid tetanus. Some practitioners give a baby aspirin on the day of the bite to reduce blood clotting due to the venom. The decision of whether to give anti-venom is made on a case-by-case basis.
Intensive Treatment
Steroids may be given to halt the body's response to the poison. According to PDRhealth.com, this can help with the swelling, redness and pain at the area surrounding the bite. Dapsone, a prescription drug normally used to treat leprosy and other skin conditions, may be used if the area continues to worsen. Hospitalization may be required in severe cases.
Treatment of Complications
Some patients require hyperbaric oxygen treatment. This is given inside a pressurized chamber; one or more sessions inside the chamber may be needed. The area around the bite may require surgical debridement, a procedure in which dead skin is removed. Plastic surgery may be required if the area involves extensive scarring or disfigurement. This surgery usually occurs around five months after the brown recluse bite.
Warning
No attempt should be made to excise the venom with a knife or straw or by mouth or any other instrument. According to the University of Tennessee Agricultural Extension, excision has poor clinical results and may increase inflammation at the area.
