The black widow is a poisonous spider found in most of the United States. This black or dark brown spider may grow to 1 1/2 inches in length; some species have a characteristic red hourglass underneath the abdomen. They generally live outdoors but may come inside; these spiders prefer dark, quiet areas. The bite of a black widow may be painful or may go unnoticed for an hour, when chest pain or abdominal pain, sweating, and vomiting may present. According to the University of Tennessee Agricultural Extension, only the females are known to bite humans and the attack is rarely fatal.
First Aid
The area of a black widow spider bite should be well cleansed with soap and water. The University of California Cooperative Extension explains that antiseptic is often placed on the wound. Antibiotic creams are also a popular choice for early first aid. Ice or a cold pack may be placed on the site.
Medical Treatment
Medical treatment is imperative to minimize pain and debilitation. Calcium gluconate is typically given into the vein to counteract the effects of the poison on the nervous system. The need for antivenom is evaluated based on the condition of the patient. Muscle relaxants are often given, as well as mild pain medication. Blood pressure medications may also be required.
Intensive Treatment
The patient may have to be hospitalized, with close monitoring of the nervous system, heart rate, blood pressure, temperature and breathing rate. Sedatives and narcotic pain medication may be required. Small children, the elderly, and those already ill or weakened are at increased risk for severe bite reactions. People with pre-existing high blood pressure also require closer monitoring.
Treatment of Complications
Complications of a black widow spider bite include paralysis of the respiratory muscles and death. Respiratory paralysis is treated with antivenom and breathing support. Children are the most likely candidates for serious complications.
Warning
Do not attempt to suck the venom out of the bite. It moves through the body so quickly that attempts to halt it or remove it will not work. Do not attempt to care for a black widow bite at home without medical treatment.
