Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley and rye that can trigger allergic reactions. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, wheat allergy is usually mild and likely to be outgrown, but reactions may also be life-threatening. Symptoms usually begin immediately and not more than two hours after ingesting wheat. Gluten allergy differs from gluten intolerance, or celiac disease, which may produce delayed reactions, is a life-long condition, and results in damage to the small intestine. Some children have both. In either condition, a gluten-free diet is the primary treatment.
Anaphylaxis
Life-threatening symptoms of a wheat allergy are similar to other extreme allergic reactions and require prompt action. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, immediate symptoms such as dizziness, swelling of the throat, difficulty breathing, trouble swallowing, or dusky skin color can progress rapidly to loss of consciousness and respiratory arrest. Survival may depend on quick emergency response, such as administration of of epinephrine by injection.
For children who have such extreme allergic reactions to wheat, it is essential to inform school officials and caregivers so that everyone is prepared to treat symptoms. Antihistamines and epinephrine must always be on hand. An identity bracelet can be worn by the child to provide information to emergency responders.
Gastric Distress
Nausea, vomiting, gas, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, or constipation can be symptoms of gluten allergy or intolerance. According to the Mayo Clinic, diagnosis of gluten allergy may be made by eliminating gluten-containing foods from the diet until there is a symptom-free period, followed by a wheat challenge to see if symptoms reappear. Blood tests may also help diagnose gluten allergy or intolerance.
Eliminating all sources of gluten in processed food or condiments as well as avoiding contamination by shared utensils or in restaurants can be challenging. Medicines, vitamins, and toys such as doughy clay-substitutes may contain gluten. Since ingredients in products change, labels should be read carefully with every purchase.
Skin Reactions
Babies and small children often show allergic reactions on their skin. Allergic rashes may be dry, itchy, red, blistered, or scaly. According to Dr. Steven Wangen, author of "Healthier Without Wheat," skin reactions caused by gluten allergy or intolerance are seen on both sides of the body, such as both hands, both elbows, or both knees. Rash may also appear on the forearms, face and scalp. Medicated creams generally provide only temporary relief, and symptoms may become worse when these treatments stop.
References
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Food Allergy
- Mayo Clinic: Wheat Allergy
- "Healthier Without Wheat"; Steven Wangen, M.D., 2009
