Neurons typically do not themselves become cancerous because they lack the ability to replicate, which is essential for cancer cells. As a result, most kinds of brain cancer result from the surrounding cells that protect, nourish and support neurons. Certain kinds of brain cancer are more common in adults than children.
Astrocytoma
According to the National Brain Tumor Society, one kind of brain cancer that occurs in adults is called an astrocytoma. Astrocytomas arise from special cells called glial cells. These glial cells are shaped like a star and are found most commonly in the frontal lobe of the brain. Astrocytomas are typically divided into grades I-IV, with grade IV being the most serious and aggressive form of astrocytoma. Astrocytomas can cause headaches, seizures, confusion, weakness and/or paralysis and problems with balance. They can also cause changes in vision or vomiting. The exact symptoms often depend on the grade of tumor as well as its location.
Brain Stem Glioma
Gliomas can also occur in the brain stem of adults, although they are more common in children. A glioma of the brain stem can range from low to high grade, with high-grade tumors growing more quickly. This form of brain cancer can cause many of the same symptoms as an astrocytoma, as well as cause problems with facial movements and swallowing due to its location in the brain stem.
Ependyoma
The cells of the ependyma line the fluid-filled parts of the brain and make cerebral spinal fluid. Cancer that arises from these cells is termed an ependyoma. This kind of tumor can cause fluid to build up in the brain, also known as hydrocephalus. In some cases, an ependyoma can spread to the spinal cord. A slower-growing subtype of the ependyoma is called a subependyoma and, according to the National Brain Tumor Society, is more common in men.
Oligodendroglioma
The National Cancer Institute explains that oligodendrogliomas arise from fatty cells that cover nerve cells. These oligodendrocytes increase the speed at which nerve signals are sent. This type of cancer typically occurs in the cerebrum and is more common in middle-aged adults.
Meningioma
The meninges are the cells that line the brain. Meningiomas typically grow very slowly, meaning that they are benign.
