1. A Drop in Dopamine
Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder that usually occurs in people over 60, although it can strike younger people. In Parkinson's disease, brain cells that produce the chemical dopamine die or become dysfunctional. One of the functions of dopamine is to help the body regulate muscle movements, so over time the decrease in dopamine causes problems with physical activities, including walking, speaking and using fine motor skills. Some decrease in dopamine production is normal as part of aging, but in people with Parkinson's the loss of dopamine is excessive.
2. Muscles Show the Signs
Some of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease include tremors in the arms and legs, a loss of facial expression, slow shuffling walk, poor balance, difficultly speaking clearly and muscle rigidity. In come cases, people experience dementia in the later stages of the condition. The severity of these symptoms varies considerably from one individual to another, and tremor often is the most prominent problem. However, as the symptoms gradually worsen, people with Parkinson's may have difficulty walking and performing tasks necessary for daily living without assistance.
3. Uncertain Origins
The causes of Parkinson's disease are uncertain. However, there does seem to be a genetic component to many cases, because the disorder seems to run in some families. It occurs more often in men than in women. Another risk factor for developing the disorder appears to be excessive exposure to herbicides and pesticides. Some medications, especially some prescribed for psychiatric conditions, can cause side effects that are similar to Parkinson's disease symptoms, though in most cases these are temporary. It is possible that a number of factors can interrupt the activity of the dopamine producing cells in the brain and produce the disease.
4. What the Doctor Orders
Parkinson's disease is an incurable, progressive disorder, which means that the symptoms worsen over time. However, there are ways to slow its progress and relieve the effects of some of the symptoms. Medications that target the dopamine system in the brain are one avenue of treatment. Medicines that help control tremors are another. Still other treatments focus on promoting the health of cells. For example the coenzyme Q10, which cells use to process oxygen and produce energy, is low in people with Parkinson's; supplements of it can slow the progression of symptoms.
5. Reach for Resources
There are many things people living with Parkinson's disease can do to cope with the condition. For example, physical therapy can promote and maintain muscle tone and strength as well as coordination and balance for walking. Speech therapists can teach skills to help people speak clearly and at an appropriate volume. Occupational therapy offers ways to make dressing and other activities easier for people with diminished motor skills. Finally, healthy lifestyle factors, such as a good diet, exercise and social support all contribute to effective coping and reduce the impact of chronic illness.
