It may be difficult trying to decide which method of contraception is the right choice for you and your partner. Learning about the different types of contraception, associated risks and side effects, and efficacy is important. No method of contraception will guarantee 100 percent prevention against pregnancy. Most methods will not protect you from sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV. Some contraceptives are considered safer than others.
Condoms
Condoms are one of the safest methods of birth control. When used properly they offer good protection against pregnancy and STDs. They do not contain any hormones and are relatively cheap. They work as a barrier method, by preventing the sperm from entering the vagina. They usually contain an active spermicidal to help destroy sperm. It is possible for a condom to break or slip off during intercourse. In rare cases, you may experience an allergic reaction to the latex or spermicide in condoms. Condoms should be kept out of the sunlight and direct heat, and should be used prior to the expiration date.
Diaphragm
Another safe barrier method contraceptive is the diaphragm. It works by preventing sperm from entering the uterus. This method does not contain any hormones and has minimal side effects. However, it will not protect you against STDs or HIV. The diaphragm is fitted by your gynecologist. You need to insert it prior to having intercourse and keep it in place for six hours following sex. If you have intercourse again, or if you have intercourse more than six hours after you put the diaphragm in, leave the diaphragm in place and insert more spermicide deep into your vagina, Planned Parenthood advises. This method is safe, inexpensive and comfortable for most women to use.
Contraceptive Sponge
The contraceptive sponge is a method of contraception available over-the-counter that is considered safe and easy to use. It is a soft plastic round sponge that contains spermicide. It is inserted deep into the vagina to cover the cervical opening and prevent sperm from entering the uterus. It can be inserted up to 24 hours prior to having sex, and must remain in the vagina for at least six hours after intercourse. The sponge does not protect against STDs or HIV. Using a condom with the sponge will increase its effectiveness and offer additional protection against disease.
IUD
The IUD (intrauterine device) is a small T-shaped device that is placed in the uterus by your gynecologist. There is a hormone-free version, which makes it a good choice for women who do not want to take hormonal contraceptives. The IUD is safe, effective and long lasting, Planned Parenthood reports. The IUD can be inserted at your gynecologist's office during a routine visit and can remain in place for up to 10 years. Side effects can include increased cramping and bleeding during menstruation and menstrual irregularity. These side effects usually diminish over time as your body adjusts to your IUD.
