Psyllium, derived from seed husks of the plant Plantago ovata, is included as a bulking agent in some laxatives and added to some cereals to increase fiber content. This substance has a high degree of soluble dietary fiber, which helps produce large, soft bowel movements. It is effective at treating both constipation and diarrhea, and can also help people lower their cholesterol by a modest amount, according to the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH). People with certain health conditions must be cautious about taking psyllium.
Gastrointestinal Conditions
Psyllium increases in bulk as it passes through the body, so it can cause gastrointestinal obstruction in some individuals, as explained by the University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC). This is most likely in people with throat problems or difficulty swallowing, or narrowing anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract. It also is more likely in people who have bowel problems or abnormalities, or have ever undergone bowel surgery. Patients with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis or another chronic bowel disorder should not take psyllium during a flare-up. If you do not have any of these health disorders, you can prevent this effect by taking psyllium with plenty of water as directed.
Blood Sugar Issues
Psyllium may decrease blood sugar levels, according to the NIH. Patients taking medications such as metformin or insulin to reduce high blood sugar should monitor their blood sugar closely when using psyllium. Anyone prone to low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) also should be cautious about taking psyllium.
Allergies
Some people have experienced hypersensitive reactions and serious allergic reactions after taking psyllium, as noted by the NIH. You are more likely to experience an allergic reaction to psyllium if you are allergic to English plantain pollen, grass pollen or melon. Signs include a rash or hives, difficulty breathing and facial or mouth swelling. An allergic reaction to psyllium should be considered a medical emergency.
Medications
Because psyllium may slow the movement of substances from the stomach to the intestines, this can reduce absorption of medications. Talk to your health care provider before using psyllium if you also are taking any anticoagulants, antidepressants, anti-gout medicines, anti-inflammatory agents, anti-seizure drugs, digoxin, diuretics, lithium, salicylates, or nitrofurantoin or tetracycline antibiotics.
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