Herpes, also known as genital herpes, is caused by infection with the herpes simplex virus. There are two strains of the viru:; HSV1, which is commonly associated with cold sores on the lips, and HSV2, which is usually related to genital infections. Each strain, however, can infect either area and cause the same symptoms. Many people who have herpes do not even realize it because they do not develop symptoms. Even when symptoms are not present, the virus can be spread to others. With 1 of every 6 people ages 14 to 49 currently infected, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, it is important to know your partner, be aware of the general symptoms and get tested regularly.
Sores
The most noticeable symptom of herpes infection is the presence of small red bumps that resemble blisters. The Herpes Resource reports that these blisters typically appear in an initial outbreak within 2 to 10 days from exposure to the virus. The blisters may develop in the vaginal area, the cervix, the penis, the anus, the buttocks, the thighs or in the urinary tract. The blisters may pop open, turning into sores, or ulcers, that can then crust over and heal.
The herpes virus can live dormant deep within nerve cells. This means that once infected, there is a chance for recurrent outbreaks throughout the years. The number of outbreaks and their severity varies from person to person.
Pain/Itching
Before the sores appear, there is often an itching or tingling sensation. For many who suffer recurrent outbreaks, this is a signal that the blisters will develop soon. Once the blisters develop, the itchy feeling may turn to pain.
The doctors at the Mayo Clinic list many factors that contribute to an outbreak occurring, including stress, fatigue, menstruation, immune system depression due to another illness or medications, and friction from vigorous sex.
Flu-Like Symptoms
The initial outbreak of herpes is usually the most severe. The first time the virus invades the body, the immune cells respond with everything they have to fight it. Therefore, in addition to the blisters, itching and painful flu-like symptoms may occur. This includes a fever, headache, muscle aches and swollen glands, especially the glands in the groin area.
Urinary Retention
Because the opening to the urethra, the tube that leads to the bladder, is a part of or very close to the genitals, the herpes virus can get into the urinary system. When this occurs, the virus can cause problems, including urinary retention. Urinary retention occurs when urine cannot flow from the bladder at all, which is known as acute urinary retention, or when the bladder is not able to empty completely.
Meningitis
Meningitis is the inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, known as the meninges. Meningitis is usually caused by a viral infection, and although rare, the herpes virus can cause meningitis.
