Different drugs are used to treat the various types of attention deficit disorder (ADD). Although the syndrome is generally characterized by distractibility and difficulties with managing time, organizing and concentrating, it is important for doctors to identify the type of ADD a person has in order to prescribe the most effective medications. Symptoms may include one or more of the following: hyperactivity, obsessions/compulsions, mood instability, sadness or anger.
Stimulants
Stimulants such as Ritalin, Dexedrine or Adderall may be prescribed to treat people with ADD and excessive activity levels, or "hyperactivity." Although these medications are stimulants that normally make people more alert, they have the opposite affect on individuals with ADD. Ritalin helps to control attention and impulsivity by increasing the activity of neural chemicals dopamine and noradrenaline. Adderall increases brain activity, resulting in increased energy, responsiveness and learning, and is often prescribed to help students focus. Adderall is often prescribed in conjunction with other medications, such as Prozac, that are used to decrease anxiety but may also make the person a bit "dreamy." Common side effects of stimulants include decreased appetite, weight loss and difficulties sleeping, although symptoms often subside over time. Doctors should carefully monitor weight changes and sleep patterns to fine-tune the dosage and minimize possible side effects.
Strattera
Strattera, a non-stimulant medication, may be prescribed to address hyperactivity. It works to increase neurotransmitters and strengthen the signals between brain cells. Possible side effects include upset stomach, decreased appetite, nausea or vomiting, dizziness, tiredness, mood swings and slowing of growth in children. In addition, patients should be carefully monitored for psychological symptoms, because this medication may increase risk of suicidal thoughts.
Prozac
Some individuals with ADD struggle to shift attention and get overly focused or stuck on certain thoughts or behaviors. Prozac, a medication commonly prescribed for patients with anxiety and/or obsessive compulsive disorders, can also help patients with ADD shift their attention. Side effects are rare and usually minor. They may include loss of appetite, weight loss, insomnia, nausea, headache and impotence.
Anticonvulsants
Individuals with ADD who have problems with controlling their temper may be treated with an anti-convulsant medication, such as carbamazepine (Carbatrol) or Depakote, to normalize the activity in the brain's temporal lobe. These medications may improve memory, anxiety, aggression and help stabilize the person's mood.
References
- "Driven to Distraction"; Edward M. Hallowell, M.D.; 1995
- "Healing ADD"; Daniel G. Amen, M.D.; 2002
- "Attention Deficit Disorder: The Unfocused Mind in Children and Adults"; Thomas E. Brown; 2005
