Some breast cancer tests may be for preventive purposes, such as a mammogram, while others may be for diagnostic reasons, such as a biopsy. Whatever the reason, it is important for women to know what each test is for and what to expect before having it performed.
Mammogram
Often referred to as a screening test, mammograms are typically performed on a yearly basis and are recommended for women ages 40 and over, states the American Cancer Society (ACS).
The Mayo Clinic describes the test as an x-ray of the breast, used to detect any abnormalities within the breast. The purpose of this test is to find breast cancer in its early stages, prior to symptoms presenting themselves. This makes treating the cancer easier.
Ultrasound
Breast ultrasounds are not used for breast cancer detection, according to the website BreastCancer.org. Instead, they are used when an abnormality is detected through other exams such as a mammogram.
An ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves in the breast, converting them into images. This test helps the doctor determine if the abnormality is solid or soft; however, it cannot determine if these abnormalities are cancerous. Further testing is required for this.
Biopsy
Once the doctor has performed a physical exam, mammogram and physical imaging exam and suspects that you may have breast cancer, the next step is a biopsy. This exam requires that a sample of breast tissue be removed from the area thought to contain cancer. The Mayo Clinic states that the sample is sent off to a laboratory to be examined more closely by a pathologist, a doctor who specializes in diagnosing diseases.
Biopsies are also performed to determine how severe the cancer may be, better known as staging. A variety of biopsies can be performed, and your doctor will typically perform the least invasive. This all depends on the particular situation.
