There are different types of diabetes, known as Type 1 and Type 2. Exercise has a direct influence on both types of diabetes because it increases insulin sensitivity. According to the American Diabetes Association, the government's "Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General" stresses the role of physical activity in disease prevention and management by recommending people accumulate 30 minutes of moderate physical activity on most days of the week, and this is a high priority for individuals with diabetes.
Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
The University of Maryland Medical Center says moderate aerobic exercise can lower your risk for Type 2 diabetes because regular physical activity has glucose-lowering effects and improves insulin sensitivity. According to the American College of Sports Medicine, the benefits related to glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity are seen for only 72 hours after the last exercise session; therefore exercising on a regular basis is necessary to reduce the risk of Type 2 diabetes.
Improved Insulin Sensitivity
Insulin is released from the pancreas after blood sugar increases from a meal. The liver and muscles are then stimulated by insulin to absorb glucose, or energy. The American Diabetes Association explains that exercise increases the demand for fuel and energy, leading the muscles to use glucose at almost 20 times the normal rate. This increase in glucose consumption due to physical activity positively affects carbohydrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
Improved Heart Health
Insulin resistance in diabetics causes coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, obesity and high cholesterol. Aerobic exercise, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center, can lower blood pressure, improve cholesterol levels and decrease body fat, leading to a reduction in heart health complications in diabetics.
Improved Fitness
According to the American College of Sports Medicine, people with Type 2 diabetes generally have a lower level of fitness than nondiabetic individuals. Aerobic exercise in combination with strength training in diabetics improves muscle strength and endurance, enhances flexibility, improves body composition and increases muscle mass.
Weight Maintenance
A side effect of insulin resistance syndrome is a struggle to maintain or lose weight. The American Diabetes Association confirms physical activity may enhance weight loss and weight maintenance when used with an appropriate meal plan.
